| Summary/Abstract |
In this article, I address the contradictions and paradoxes inherent in the development of the Tumen River triangle area. After briefly examining the history and background of the international development project, I explore how it has been implemented and the problems it has faced in the Russian Far East and North Korea, in contrast with its relatively successful development in China. My argument is that the core concept in Tumen River development became closely interlinked with the local variants of postsocialist transition. The difficulties created by Russia and North Korea derive from the dismantling of their state economies, which paradoxically has led to a preoccupation with sovereignty rather than the pursuit of a market economy.
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