| Summary/Abstract |
Russia’s interference in Ukraine and the crisis in its relations with Western countries have brought new challenges to its State Armament Program for the period 2011–2020. Post-Soviet Russia has remained dependent on Ukrainian components and subsystems for certain arms systems. New restrictions on access to Western dual-use technology and electronic components could hamper Russian technological development. The extent of the impact of Ukrainian and Western sanctions indicates that Russian adaptation to the new situation will probably take longer and come with a higher price tag than has so far been officially communicated. It is also plausible that Russia will have to enhance its defense industrial cooperation with China and India.
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