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| 1 |
ID:
159454
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| Summary/Abstract |
Krzysztof Szczerski argues the need for the European project to be rooted in the will of the citizens and firmly established upon loyal co-operation of the states.
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| 2 |
ID:
148994
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| Summary/Abstract |
There is much confusion on the issue of when the Polish-Soviet war broke out. Various authors hold that the war started anywhere between late 1918 and early 1920. It is arguable, though, that from a Polish perspective the war began with the January 1919 Soviet attack on the city of Wilno (Vilnius), defended by its Polish inhabitants. Since Poles widely believed the Wilno region to be a part of Polish national territory, the government in Warsaw felt it had little choice but to treat the attack as a casus belli.
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| 3 |
ID:
177047
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| Summary/Abstract |
It is a cliché to say that Europe, including its underfunded defence industry, faces numerous challenges and threats. Nevertheless, it is impossible not to notice or to ignore issues, such as the current economic crises, which are likely to last for a long period of time, an ageing population (resulting in increased spending on social programmes, including healthcare), and migration (which forces governments to invest more in internal security rather than on hard defence). However, there are also new challenges which will place additional pressure on European defence industry. One such factor, which cannot be underestimated, is the emerging influence of China and its defence companies. According to SIPRI, in recent years three Chinese defence producers ranked in the world’s top 10 producers. 1 This means that in the near future, European companies will have more competitors, capable of offering more favourable conditions – cheaper products and attractive credit – than their European counterparts.
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