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| 1 |
ID:
149488
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper examines how changes in Fertility Rate Differentials affect household portfolio demand (expenditure on food, monetary transactions, goods and services and non-cash expenditure) in Nigeria. The paper disaggregated household portfolio into four categories and established a link between population dynamics (demographic variables) and household expenditure components using the Vector Error Correction Methodology. The estimated equations are used to project the pattern of the different components of household demand based on the optimum case population scenario. The results suggest that fertility dynamics in Nigeria can produce significant effects on the economy via the expenditure profiles of households.
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| 2 |
ID:
149485
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| Summary/Abstract |
A few key factors affecting usage of all methods and contraceptive discontinuation among women whom are currently married in Ethiopia are discussed. What are the factors affecting women’s contraceptive use? The aim is to explore the two regions on the basis of high total fertility rate (TFR) regions (Oromiya (5.6) and Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s Region (SNNPR) (4.9)) in the Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS) 2011. A descriptive and comparative study using the quantitative research method is chosen to address the above research question. The study findings show that the contraceptive discontinuation rate for users of all types of methods is 37%. The highest women’s discontinuation rate is for the pill which is 70% due to side effects.
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| 3 |
ID:
149489
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper explores the food insecurity level and coping strategies of two particularly vulnerable tribal groups (PVTGs) in India. It finds that despite the availability of resources, limited income always becomes a proxy for their food vulnerability because they cannot purchase food items outside state programmes. These groups traditionally adopt various coping strategies to overcome food insecurity at household level and these have become a structure and behaviour for ensuring food security
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| 4 |
ID:
149484
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study explores the reflection of recorded economic growth on human development in Ethiopia. The principal puzzle the study unravels is if there is a positive co-variance between per capita income levels and achievements made in life expectancy, educational attainments and reduction in the levels of income poverty in the past decade. To put Ethiopia in a comparative perspective we have attempted to contrast Ethiopia with some of the Eastern African countries. The results of this exercise show that economic growth made in Ethiopia has contributed to human development. Income, life expectancy and school attainments move together; however, life expectancy progresses faster than educational attainments.
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| 5 |
ID:
149486
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| Summary/Abstract |
According to the UNAIDS Global Report of 2010, Sub-Saharan Africa has about 22.5 million people living with HIV/AIDS. In a textual analysis of government-sponsored and private websites originating in East Africa, we analyze how the Internet and social media tools are used to disseminate information about HIV/AIDS and promote social change among targeted audiences. Our analysis found that content available on selected government and private websites, with minor exceptions, is generally not updated frequently nor systematically targeted specifically to those who can benefit most from the information. The government-initiated websites were populated with information that highlighted national strategic plans and focused on evaluation reports, while the private organizations provided information that in some instances was customized for specific audiences, but overall encouraged grassroots collaborations.
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| 6 |
ID:
149487
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| Summary/Abstract |
Decentralization is a concept well professed by political elites in Ghana yet there has been inadequate political will to transfer actual power, authority and resources to the district assemblies. Ghana’s current decentralization was introduced in 1988 with a mesmeric mantra of ‘power to the people’, and the concept is now over two and half decades old. This paper examines the extent to which local government reform through decentralization has brought about any meaningful changed relationship between central and local governments in Ghana. This work adopts a retrospective analysis of policy documents and a critical stage review of the relevant literature on the theoretical suppositions and practical experience of decentralization practice. The appointment of assembly heads in Ghana makes the relationship a principal-agent typology. Decentralization is at best a theoretical ramification but its actual practice has been just minimal. The study provides a ‘walk-the-talk’ model that requires political will to address the key challenges of decentralization in Ghana.
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| 7 |
ID:
149490
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper examines the response to the 2006 avian influenza crisis in Turkey. Using complex adaptive systems as the theoretical framework, the paper discusses the extent to which the Turkish disaster management system showed self-adaptation during the crisis. Self-adaptation requires organizational flexibility that facilitates sufficient information flow through technical and cultural infrastructures. This study uses qualitative methods to analyze the data. The research findings indicate that during the crisis, Turkish disaster management was faced with critical difficulties related to organizational, technical and cultural capacities that undermined its capacity to adapt to changing conditions. The system was able to manage these difficulties in seven to ten days; however, Turkey’s contemporary disaster response services still require a transformation to effectively respond to any influenza pandemic.
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