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| 1 |
ID:
192875
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| Summary/Abstract |
Can greater inclusion in democracy for historically disadvantaged groups reduce rebel violence? Democracy-building is a common tool in counterinsurgencies and post-conflict states, yet existing scholarship has faced obstacles in measuring the independent effect of democratic reforms. We evaluate whether quotas for Scheduled Tribes in local councils reduced rebel violence in Chhattisgarh, an Indian state featuring high-intensity Maoist insurgent activity. These quotas did not originate as a counterinsurgency technique, but instead as an effort to address the longstanding political marginalization of India’s Scheduled Tribes. We employ a geographic regression discontinuity design to study the wartime effects of quotas implemented in Chhattisgarh, finding that reservations reduced Maoist violence in the state. Exploratory analyses of mechanisms suggest that reservations reduced violence by bringing local elected officials closer to state security forces, providing a windfall of valuable information to counterinsurgents. Our study shows that institutional engineering, like reforms to create more inclusive representative democracy, can shape the trajectory of insurgent violence. Institutional engineering creating more inclusive representative democracy during an ongoing conflict can affect the political economy of information sharing in civil war and, ultimately, affect the trajectory of insurgent violence.
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| 2 |
ID:
187918
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This paper examines whether winning venture competition spurs entrepreneurs to carry out entrepreneurial exploration. We use data from new venture competitions organized by Shanghai municipal government that are open to innovative small ventures. Using a regression discontinuity design, we show that winning leads to a higher level of entrepreneurial explorations in the year following the competition. However, this effect is reduced for female entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurs whose affiliated ventures have a shorter time of operation. Our findings are consistent with existing theories about entrepreneurship and behavioral economics, including entrepreneurial experimentation and “house money” effect.
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| 3 |
ID:
149761
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| Summary/Abstract |
In this paper, we exploit the negative educational shock caused by the Chinese Cultural Revolution to apply a regression discontinuity method in identifying the causal effects of education on health. While we find that better education reduces the probability of having poor self-assessed health and disabilities, we do not find statistically significant effects of education on the probability of having poor physical functioning status or uncomfortable body pains in the previous four weeks. Moreover, we find an interesting result that better education increases the probability of having chronic diseases. While most existing studies only identify the effect of education at a particular level, one contribution of our paper is that it provides estimates much closer to the population average effect. Moreover, our results imply that the underlying mechanism behind the effect of education on health might be different in developing countries from that in developed countries.
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| 4 |
ID:
172650
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| Summary/Abstract |
One of the public’s popular beliefs about politics is that politicians engage in rent-seeking behaviors, such as accumulating property, using their political power. By applying a regression discontinuity design, this study examines whether members of the National Assembly of South Korea gained assets during three elective terms (2004–2008, 2008–2012, and 2012–2016). The results contradict the public’s claim. In general, there is minimal evidence that election winners accumulate more assets than runners-up. And observing the winners’ premium for newly elected politicians in the 2012–2016 term, I find that it is related to a political support fund, which is a legitimate channel for politicians’ funding. The results suggest that an information disclosure policy can play a pivotal role in restricting politicians’ rent-seeking behaviors.
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| 5 |
ID:
166552
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| Summary/Abstract |
Because nearly five years have passed since China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was implemented, there is an urgent need to explore whether it has significantly promoted provincial green economy development. Focusing on the primary provinces along its route, this study uses a GML index based on SBM directional distance function to evaluate provincial green total factor productivity (GTFP) and quantitatively analyses the BRI's net effect on provincial GTFP. The results indicate that provincial GTFP development is relatively good, with technological progress being its main driving force, there are significant differences between the regional GTFP development along the Silk Road Economic Belt (SREB) and the Maritime Silk Road (MSR), and the BRI has played a significant role in promoting provincial and two regional GTFP. R&D investment inhibits provincial GTFP development while it is not significant. There is a U-shaped relationship between economic development and GTFP, a negative correlation between the current provincial economic level and GTFP. Trade between provinces and countries along the route has a negative effect on GTFP. To promote GTFP development, the provinces should value foreign trade, improve innovation mechanism, cultivate talents and actively embed in the BRI construction.
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| 6 |
ID:
190908
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This article examines the impact of the March 15, 2019 far-right terrorist attack against Muslims in Christchurch, New Zealand on public opinion toward Muslims. It also examines whether the impact of the attack varies for individuals across the political spectrum. We make use of data from the 2019 New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (N = 47,951) to compare the attitudes of New Zealanders before and after the attack. Using a range of statistical techniques, including regression discontinuity analysis, we find robust evidence that the attack led to an immediate increase in warmth toward Muslims. We also show that this increase was driven by both left-wing/liberal and right-wing/conservative individuals in the immediate days after the attack. Soon after the attack, however, attitudes toward Muslims among the politically conservative population tended to revert to pre-attack levels. By contrast, political liberals maintained their heightened level of positive attitudes for a longer period. We discuss the possible theoretical reasons for these findings.
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| 7 |
ID:
193001
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The relationship between air pollution and charitable donations of companies has received little attention from academia. To make up for this defect, we use a regression discontinuity design based on the spatial discontinuity in air pollution created by China's winter heating policy in the north of Qinling Mountains–Huai River line to examine whether severe air pollution may cause polluting companies to make charitable donations. Our results consistently show that air pollution has a positive impact on the donations of polluting companies, regardless of whether the absolute donations, the relative donations, or the willingness to donate are used to measure donations. A series of robustness tests confirm that this relationship is causal. Furthermore, we find that under severe air pollution, the motivations of polluting companies to implement donation behaviors are to decrease the probability of environmental penalties, reduce environmental pollution costs, and decrease the extent to which air pollution affects company reputations.
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| 8 |
ID:
170347
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| Summary/Abstract |
To manage the peak load by demand response, time-of-use (TOU) pricing with hourly and seasonal adjustments has been applied in industrial and commercial sectors in Shanghai. However, the requirement of continuous production and exogenous output level might be a serious barrier for responding to TOU price, as these are different across industrial sectors, firm scale or even seasons. Thus, the extent to which heterogeneous firms respond to price signals is still ambiguous and worthy of exploration. Based on a regression discontinuity approach, we disentangle the firm-level effects of TOU pricing for industrial and commercial firms. While the overall result shows a nonsignificant average response to TOU pricing, the firm-level analysis concerning individual heterogeneity indicates that smaller firms are much more sensitive to TOU pricing than larger firms. Moreover, this effect is much more significant in the commercial sector. This study expands understanding of the heterogeneous effects of TOU pricing with consideration of firm-level information and fills the gap between different estimation results from the previous literature. The results also indicate a price policy failure and unbalanced effects on industrial and commercial firms.
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