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| 1 |
ID:
176787
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| Summary/Abstract |
Demand response (DR) is widely recognized as an alternative approach to achieving the supply-demand balance of power systems. The accurate quantification of DR flexibility potential is important for implementing DR, especially in countries where fewer DR related studies have been conducted and where the societal structures determining DR flexibility are different from the US and Europe. This study designs an interdisciplinary framework by integrating household characteristics based on population census, activity-based energy demand modeling, and a survey on the behavioral intention to participate in DR and shift energy use. This study quantifies the DR flexibility potential of washing machines and dryers used in 18.9 million households in the Kanto region in Japan with a peak electricity demand of 57 GW. These appliances are estimated to be capable of increasing electricity demand by 70–220 MW, depending on the time of day when DR is activated for 60 min. This potential decreases with the duration of DR. The estimated potential per household is much smaller in Japan than in Europe. The results highlight the importance of promoting DR to the majority of populations, particularly among the underserved populations, and addressing the behavioral and cultural barriers to promoting DR.
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| 2 |
ID:
185698
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| Summary/Abstract |
Various flexibility options in power systems, such as storage, grid expansion, and demand flexibility, gain increasing importance to balance the intermittent power supply of renewables. On the demand side, especially the industrial sector represents promising potential for Demand Response, i.e., the alignment of its power demand with the current power supply of renewables. However, there exist various obstacles that currently prevent companies from investing in new or (fully) exploiting existing flexibility potentials. In this paper, we investigate how economic, regulatory, technological, organizational, behavioral, informational, and competence obstacles pose barriers for companies to adjust their power consumption flexibly. For this purpose, we combine both a structured literature analysis and a case study. For the case study, we conduct 16 interviews with energy experts from companies from different industries. Our findings reveal that due to technical risk of disrupting the production process, lacking revenues, and too low cost savings, companies do not flexibilize their power consumption. Moreover, in particular, contradictory legislative incentives and missing IT standardization and interoperability represent key obstacles. Therefore, our results constitute a basis for targeted policy making in order to foster the exploitation of (existing) flexibility potential of industrial companies on the demand side.
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| 3 |
ID:
149852
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| Summary/Abstract |
The developments of battery storage technology together with photovoltaic (PV) roof-top systems might lead to far-reaching changes in the electricity demand structures and flexibility of households. The implications are supposed to affect the generation mix of utilities, distribution grid utilization, and electricity price. Using a techno-economic optimization model of a household system, we endogenously dimension PV system and stationary battery storage (SBS). The results of the reference scenario show positive net present values (NPV) for PV systems of approx. 500–1,800 EUR/kWp and NPV for SBS of approx. 150–500 EUR/kWh. Main influences are the demand of the households, self-consumption rates, investment costs, and electricity prices. We integrate electric vehicles (EV) with different charging strategies and find increasing NPV of the PV system and self-consumption of approx. 70%. With further declining system prices for solar energy storage and increasing electricity prices, PV systems and SBS can be profitable in Germany from 2018 on even without a guaranteed feed-in tariff or subsidies. Grid utilization substantially changes by households with EV and PV-SBS. We discuss effects of different incentives and electricity tariff options (e. g. load limits or additional demand charges). Concluding, solar energy storage systems will bring substantial changes to electricity sales.
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