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ID:
150074
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Amherst embassy has a long-standing reputation as a diplomatic failure in Britain’s early relations with China. This analysis concentrates on a greatly overlooked aspect of the Amherst mission—the controversy within the embassy’s leadership about whether to perform kowtow before the Jiaqing emperor. George Thomas Staunton, basing his arguments on some “local inside knowledge,” successfully prevailed on Amherst to refuse to kowtow. This decision directly resulted in the rejection of the embassy from Beijing. To explain this unpleasant outcome, both sides of the controversy downplayed the importance of their decision and, instead, constructed a capricious image of the Chinese emperor, which helped to lay the foundations for the deterioration of Sino–British relations in the run up to the Opium War.
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| 2 |
ID:
172251
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| Summary/Abstract |
Through the theoretical lens of the family as a breeding ground for new business, this article argues that the drastic and prolonged decline in fertility affects business creation. Since entrepreneurship is a high-risk endeavour, and during the start-up or expansion period, various kinds of resource support from family are badly needed, the small family is in an unfavourable position. By using qualitative research data obtained in Hong Kong, this article unravels the possible interplay among the factors of continuous fertility decline, shrinking family human resource support and sibling network, and ultimately diminishing entrepreneurship. It argues that if fertility keeps declining, not only could entrepreneurial activity remain low, but momentum for sustaining economic development might also become weak and feeble.
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