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SCHOLVIN, SÖREN (2) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   150102


Geographical conditions and political outcomes / Scholvin, Sören   Journal Article
Scholvin, Sören Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Geopolitical research is frequently pictured as a dead end. This article aims to revitalize geopolitics, reflecting both on the critique of the subject and the strengths that have marked it for more than a century. It is argued that geographical conditions constitute a set of opportunities and constraints, a structure that is independent of agency. General patterns and long-term processes can be explained well by this structure. Understanding specific phenomena that occur in international relations requires taking into consideration non-geographical factors, though. All those committed to geopolitics should hence concentrate on the interplay of geographical conditions and non-geographical factors in causal mechanisms that shape international relations.
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2
ID:   164613


Power politics by economic means: geoeconomics as an analytical approach and foreign policy practice / Scholvin, Sören   Journal Article
Scholvin, Sören Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Geoeconomics has become highly relevant for foreign policy practices and national security strategies, wherefore it has also started to receive increasing attention from academics. Unfortunately, there is no widely shared definition of geoeconomics. The term is often only used as a catchword that generates an audience for policy-oriented, semi-scientific outlets. This article addresses this weakness of the state of the art. The authors suggest that geoeconomics, as a foreign policy strategy, refers to the application of economic means of power by states so as to realize strategic objectives. As an analytical framework, geoeconomics relates to international relations realism. Yet it transcends international relationship realism, as it is focused on geographical features that are inherent in foreign policy and international relations.
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