| Summary/Abstract |
Uganda and Chad both took risks to implement global counterterrorism (CT) norms by mounting expeditionary operations against violent extremist organizations (VEOs) because of the Pan-Africanist vision of Ugandan president Museveni and the more realist motivation of Chadian president Déby. The resources that the United States, France, and the EU have provided have enabled the two countries to execute difficult operations. Internally, both countries have worked to develop CT capacity but suffer from state weakness and the inability to raise the necessary resources to be fully able to track violent extremists, prevent VEO attacks, and arrest and try and terrorists. Uganda is ahead of Chad in developing its CT capabilities, which is a reflection of the relatively greater strength and resources of the Ugandan state. Both countries have worked with the UN and African Union in spreading global CT norms and leading by example for other states to follow. Uganda has been more active in spreading and advocating CT norms to the African Union and other bodies.
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