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ID:
165997
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study examines the effect of energy resources on the chances for militarized conflict, water related conflict and cooperation events, and cooperative river treaties between pairs of states on shared international river basins. We examine trade-offs that riparian states can make between energy resources such as oil or natural gas and fresh water resources. Integrating upstream and downstream states’ geographical position in a river basin with energy resource information, we examine four related scenarios of states sharing rivers: (1) Joint energy where both upstream and downstream countries have energy resources, (2) Downstream energy where only the downstream state has energy resources, (3) Upstream energy where only an upstream country has energy resources, and (4) No energy. Theoretically, we argue that Downstream energy dyads are most likely to find cooperative solutions to conflicts over shared river resources because downstream states can offer oil and natural gas side payments to upstream states in exchange for greater water supplies. Empirical analyses of dyadic data in shared river basin dyads from 1945 to 2001 provide strong support for the theory. Riparian cooperation through river treaties and diplomacy is best achieved in Downstream energy dyads, where the downstream states have energy resources that can be traded for water resources with upstream states. Militarized conflict and water related conflict events are most likely in Joint energy dyads. Case illustrations from the Aral Sea and Ganges river basins are used to demonstrate the theoretical arguments.
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| 2 |
ID:
150352
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| Summary/Abstract |
The new Turkish Petroleum Law has been introduced in 2013. The legislations and incentives regarding the new law are explained and the upstream petroleum sector of Turkey has been evaluated in all aspects, in this paper. The historical development of the industry together with the related law in Turkey is also discussed. The important points in the law about the investment guarantee, exploration license, production lease, royalty payment, foreign staff status, incentives and etc. are mentioned in detail. The overview, background and present condition of the Turkish upstream industry are analyzed with statistical data and with forecasts. The outlook of the drilling and production activities along with the geological and geophysical studies in Turkey is presented. The potential hydrocarbon areas in Turkey are mentioned beside the regulatory. It is expected that the exploration activities in Turkey will increase as the consequence of the new law. Remarkable discoveries are expected from offshore and/or unconventional activities.
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