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ID:
160858
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Summary/Abstract |
Previous studies have investigated whether Chinese exports have crowded out those from other countries. However, what has yet to be considered is the evidence based on different quality varieties. Using the most detailed Harmonized System 9‐digit product‐level data, the present paper provides evidence of crowding‐out and crowded‐out effects across different product quality segments and across manufacturing sectors by quality segments. The empirical evidence presented in this paper shows that the crowding‐out effects of Chinese exports have been greatest at the lower end of the quality spectrum but less significant at the higher quality spectrum. Moreover, since 2007, China's own exports of lower quality manufactured goods have been increasingly crowded out. The key policy implication is that China's export path is in line with that taken by other Asian economies in previous decades; the crowded‐out effect could achieve win–win outcomes for countries involved; and lower income countries would do well to be open to receive those relocated low value‐added industries from China. However, the relocation policy in China is best implemented gradually as climbing up the product quality ladder takes time.
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2 |
ID:
150357
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Summary/Abstract |
In spite of over 10 years of heat metering promotion in China, there still lays a certain gap between actual application and expectation. In this paper, the author conducts a comprehensive carding of China's current situation of heat metering in the aspects of policy, price, application area, technical roadmap, product quality and so on. An application effect evaluation model is established based on the geometric mean weights method. Assignments and weighs of factors in the model are achieved via multi-agent wide range of questionnaires. Comparisons are made among model results, results published by Liu Xin and the results released from the Ministry of Housing and Urban–Rural Development of the People's Republic of China (MOHURD), which proves rationality and high accuracy of the model established in this paper. Evaluation results show that application of heat metering in 2012 requires improvement with the score pegged at 60.7. It is suggested that policy support from national government should be strengthened, the impact of policies released by provincial government be curbed and heat metering pricing be increasingly reasonable. Application conditions of different metering techniques routes need to be clarified and relevant standards need to be revised to improve the operation.
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