| Summary/Abstract |
Semi-presidential systems develop under the following conditions: if the party system is weak, if the constitution inherits elements of the previous non-democratic system; if strong executive power is required. Weak party system and underdevelopment of political parties encourage personification of party leaders and the presidents, thus the president may place themselves above parties (like Boris Yeltsin did). Personalism becomes the reason for and the consequence of the weak party system, weak parliament and weak democracy.
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