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ID:
150592
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| Summary/Abstract |
Developments in the field of three-dimensional (3D) printing, autonomous ships and green technologies in recent times have drawn the attention of the shipping world. Each of these technologies has already been through decades of the development phase and now offers diverse applications across sectors. This paper examines each of these technologies from its inception to its impact on the shipbuilding industry, both warship and mercantile marine. Early impacts on shipbuilding are noticeable in refit and repairs, retro-fitments and logistic chain improvements. On-board/next port of call 3D-printed spare parts, tools and accessories are becoming increasingly common. Effective use of this technology to manufacture “one of a kind” steel parts or smaller and complex parts are facilitating substantial cost and time reductions during refits, repairs and retro-fitments. In the run-up to a fully autonomous ship, systems with increased autonomy are available as upgrades. Implementation of green technologies to conform to international regimes is increasing the scope of work of the refits and upgrades. Eventually, as newer hull and system designs mature and complete sea trials, the impact will be felt in new constructions and shipbuilding trends.
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| 2 |
ID:
167517
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| Summary/Abstract |
The article seeks to contribute to the development of a conceptual framework for the ongoing regulatory discussions on autonomous ships at the International Maritime Organization (IMO). It elaborates on the distinction between the level of autonomy and the level of manning and highlights the sliding scale that features in both. Certain building blocks that are needed for regulating autonomous ships are identified, followed by an assessment of how key existing IMO rules deal with the challenges and an analysis of available precedents. The conclusion is that the on-going exercise is unique, almost without precedent, and that the work that has just started at IMO, so far at least, fails to address the most important—and complex—regulatory challenges.
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