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| 1 |
ID:
152237
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| 2 |
ID:
152241
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| Summary/Abstract |
The year 2016 was challenging for Bangladesh. Although there are promising signs of a transition toward upper lower-income status, there is sufficient political instability at the margins to warrant concern. The capstone political event was the July terrorist attack in Dhaka, which many feared might represent the first clear metastasized imprint of the Islamic State (ISIS) in Bangladesh.
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| 3 |
ID:
152243
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| Summary/Abstract |
Celebrated nationwide as a symbol of change in continuity, the birth of the future king gave confidence to Bhutan, which continued its path toward democracy and sustainable development without undermining its identity despite several challenges lying ahead.
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| 4 |
ID:
152261
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| Summary/Abstract |
Brunei continued in 2016 to suffer from declining oil and gas prices. The budget deficit grew. The Sultan made economic diversification and “prudent spending” the year’s central political themes. He criticized several government institutions during “surprise visits” and sharply attacked the Ministry of Religious Affairs for “delaying” the full enforcement of an Islamic legal reform.
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| 5 |
ID:
152258
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The conflict between Prime Minister Hun Sen’s Cambodian People’s Party and opposition leader Sam Rainsy’s Cambodian National Rescue Party continued throughout 2016, with Rainsy remaining in self-imposed exile in France and the government making numerous arrests of opponents who remained in Cambodia. With the 2018 National Assembly elections on the horizon, Hun Sen appeared to be cracking down on and dividing the opposition in an effort to prevent a repeat of the strong CNRP electoral performance in 2013.
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| 6 |
ID:
152245
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As the next Party Congress loomed in 2017, China’s top leaders in 2016 endorsed President Xi Jinping as the leadership “core,” a move that may allow his further consolidation of political power. The economy grew at a targeted 6.7%. Beijing challenged the new Taiwan administration, and sought to consolidate its muscle-flexing in the South China Sea. The likely direction of US relations under Donald Trump remained uncertain.
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| 7 |
ID:
152239
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By the midpoint of his term, Prime Minister Narendra Modi could point to some achievements on the economic front, but jobless growth remained the order of the day in India in 2016. While the BJP was more successful in the state elections than it had been in 2015, it still registered some setbacks because of the judiciary, especially because of the government’s use of President’s Rule. The year also saw increasingly conflictual relations in Kashmir.
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| 8 |
ID:
152256
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During his second year in power, Indonesian President Joko Widodo faced contradictory yet interrelated trends: while he consolidated his grip over parliament and improved his approval ratings, the president’s remaining opponents shifted the focus of political contestation from the state’s institutions onto the streets. Additionally burdened by economic uncertainty and rising regional tensions over the South China Sea, Indonesian democracy thus continues to be vulnerable, its outward stability notwithstanding.
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| 9 |
ID:
152246
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Japanese domestic politics, foreign policy, economics and society continued along well-established paths in the year 2016. And long-term demographic trends remained a major unresolved challenge. Yet three exceptions to continuity stood out: first, controversial legislation that expanded the legality of collective self-defense; second, the likely collapse of the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP); and third, the election of Donald Trump.
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| 10 |
ID:
152262
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Briefly entering the international media spotlight coinciding with the first-ever visit by a sitting US president along with a galaxy of regional leaders, Laos in 2016 saw a new leadership lineup following a quinquennial party congress. Questions of Chinese versus Vietnamese influence over Laos and even the legacy of US bombing all gained an airing.
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| 11 |
ID:
152257
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In 2016 Prime Minister Najib overcame challenges that many predicted would destroy him. The crisis, however, has helped to deepen many of the fault lines in Malaysian politics and society, and to promote public apprehension. Much will now depend on the resilience of the country’s institutions and economy.
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| 12 |
ID:
152251
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| Summary/Abstract |
Mongolians in 2016 resisted populism, streamed to the polls, and ensured a change in government. Populist candidates were soundly defeated, surprising in the context of a dire economic situation and a crushing public debt that left the new government almost no room for legislative initiatives.
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| 13 |
ID:
152253
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The new government in Myanmar in 2016 faced many of its predecessor’s challenges; however, some progress was made in policy reversals and legislative reform. Although the government hosted a major ethnic peace conference, violence erupted again in Rakhine State as community tensions transformed into armed conflict. The country experienced more flooding, an earthquake, and a slowing economy locked into falling commodity prices.
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| 14 |
ID:
152244
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Despite general government stagnation and exceedingly slow earthquake recovery efforts, Nepal in 2016 made some important and long-overdue advances in terms of securing a role for women in politics. The country also maintained its independence from its closest ally, India, and, in so doing, improved relations with China.
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| 15 |
ID:
152250
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Kim Jong Un further consolidated his leadership position at the Seventh Congress of the Workers’ Party in May, the first congress since 1980. Pyongyang conducted two nuclear tests and made advances in missile delivery, eliciting strong sanctions resolutions from the UN Security Council, first in March and again in November.
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| 16 |
ID:
152240
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| Summary/Abstract |
Tensions with India and a fraught civil–military imbalance were the dominant storylines in Pakistan in 2016. These crises overshadowed promising developments in the areas of counterterrorism, the economy, and the law.
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| 17 |
ID:
152260
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| Summary/Abstract |
Prime Minister Peter O’Neill came under continuing pressure to step down pending resolution of corruption charges but resisted demands from university students and civil society groups and convincingly defeated a parliamentary vote of no confidence. Papua New Guinea experienced a further decline in GDP growth and faced landowner threats to shut down liquefied natural gas production.
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| 18 |
ID:
152252
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article explains why the Philippines, a small country and a long-time US ally, shook the world in 2016 by democratically electing a president who has defied conventional expectations, touched the lives of ordinary Filipinos, been accused of human rights violations in his war on drugs, and could affect the geostrategic rivalry between the US and China.
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| 19 |
ID:
152247
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| Summary/Abstract |
Russia continued to pursue a policy of vigorous engagement with Asia in 2016. Its policy toward the East serves its overriding goal of confronting the West and demonstrating to the world that Russia retains global reach. Given differences of perspective and interest between Russia and the big Asian powers, however, Russia faces an uphill struggle.
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| 20 |
ID:
152259
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| Summary/Abstract |
Singapore entered 2016 with post–Lee Kuan Yew era political stability but buffeted by external headwinds that severely dampened its economic growth performance. Ever forward-looking, the island nation planned for its future political succession and its economic future to take advantage of opportunities that will emerge with the new world and regional economic order.
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