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| 1 |
ID:
170630
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article is an attempt to relook at the treaties of 1949 and 2007 between India and Bhutan and argues that the 2007 Treaty is the outcome of the evolution and maturity of Bhutan as an independent and sovereign state, that it is imperative for India to make constant adjustments in its foreign policy towards Bhutan to secure its influence in the tiny but important country and maintain the strength of India–Bhutan bilateral relations. From the side of Bhutan, it is also important to have an ‘alliance shelter’, and India is best suited to meeting Bhutan’s needs for political, economic, societal and strategic shelter.1 By using a historical approach, this article shows why it was necessary for the two countries to renew the 1949 Treaty in the first decade of the twenty-first century. The article uses historical methodology, in combination with interdisciplinary methods such as comparative analysis, generalisation, and expert interviews. Major sources for the paper include the texts of the Treaties, speeches by political leaders and published articles and books by international writers, including writers from India, Bhutan and Vietnam.
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| 2 |
ID:
154729
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Fifteen years after the official visit to Vietnam of the former Indian Prime Minister A. B. Vajpayee, Prime
Minister Narendra Modi made an official visit to Vietnam on 2–3 September 2016. The visit to Vietnam of
Prime Minister Modi has upgraded bilateral relations between Vietnam and India from ‘strategic partnership’
to ‘Comprehensive Strategic Partnership’, marking a new development in the relationship between the two
countries. According to the Spokesman of the Ministry of External Affairs of India, Vikas Swarup, Prime
Minister Modi’s visit has set a ‘new benchmark for India-Vietnam ties which will take the relationship to
a whole new level’ (Sarma 2016). Development in political relations has resulted in similar developments
in economic, defence and other fields of cooperation between the two sides. This article looks at the new
developments in India–Vietnam relations after the visit of the Prime Minister Modi to Vietnam.
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| 3 |
ID:
180089
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| Summary/Abstract |
It is noticeable that India–Vietnam relations have remained stable and had signs of development despite the new challenges in the global and regional environment due to COVID-19 pandemic. The authors of this article are of the view that one of the factors that help maintain the stability and development of bilateral relations in the current context is public diplomacy. Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, India has invested a huge amount of resources in public diplomacy to leverage India’s soft power. A dedicated public diplomacy division within the Ministry of External Affairs was set up in May 2006, many new schemes were designed to engage domestic and foreign public opinion and a series of high-profile dialogues with foreign think tanks were organised. By utilising both traditional and new approaches of public diplomacy, India is actively seeking new audiences within and outside India. India’s foreign policymaking process has become more open and democratic with the contribution of communities outside the New Delhi political and diplomatic elite. New media has also been utilised to reach its various target audiences. Vietnam considers public diplomacy an important pillar of the comprehensive diplomacy of the country. Public diplomacy helps Vietnam succeed in implementing comprehensive and effective foreign policies. It contributes important part in building cooperative, peaceful and friendly relations between Vietnam and international partners. The importance that both India and Vietnam attach to public diplomacy has many implications for strengthening Vietnam–India relations in the current context. This article focuses on India and Vietnam’s public diplomacy as an instrument of strengthening bilateral relations, and thereby proposes suggestions for both sides to enhance cooperation in the future.
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