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| 1 |
ID:
160270
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| Summary/Abstract |
Baseball occupies a privileged position as Japan’s most popular sport, commanding ample attention across numerous levels and contexts of play. Baseball’s popularity has also inspired value-laden and sometimes nationalistic language around its athletes and how the sport is played. These associations, linking baseball and its athletes to the Japanese nation today, arise in a diverse sporting landscape where transnational movement by athletically gifted individuals is possible. This article asks how the bodies of non-Japanese baseball players are remade or rejected as Japanese baseball bodies. Through a focus on interpretations of bodily capability and athletic potential, I map shifting views of transnational identity as they are tied to bodily interpretations. I argue that how athlete’s accomplishments and failures are viewed and interpreted insidiously serve to embed perceptions of racial and ethnic difference. These perceptions of difference divide Japanese from non-Japanese baseball players through a focus on height, strength, and speed as well as attitude, reverence, and commitment to the team and its hierarchies. Baseball thereby becomes a conduit that perpetuates and preserves categories of ethno-racial difference and superficial views of the other.
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| 2 |
ID:
156979
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| Summary/Abstract |
Japan’s medical establishment relies heavily on the ideology of Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) in treating the nation’s addicts and alcoholics. Japanese individuals diagnosed as ‘alcohol dependent’ and trying to stay sober must embrace and fully incorporate a prescribed recovery ideology into their daily life. A.A. demands acceptance of alcoholism as a lifelong and incurable disease, requires belief in the possibility of a ‘spiritual transformation’, and positions any relapses as the individual’s fault. This organizational system purports to transform individuals into fundamentally new people but runs the risk of casting alcoholics as permanently diseased. It also can shield its methodological framework from criticism. Oftentimes, Japanese alcoholics are cast into a narrow, constraining recovery space without recourse to assert agency over their struggles with addiction. The Japanese A.A. system allows exploration of how prevailing recovery models and views on addiction can exacerbate the suffering of individual addicts through mandated conformity to the dominant views of what constitutes addiction and successful recovery.
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