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ID:
169336
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| Summary/Abstract |
Among the greatest obstacles to the implementation of crewed space missions are human biological limitations. Difficulties were always envisioned in relation to both Earth's moon and Mars but more so for Mars because long spaceflights would also expose crew to prolonged microgravity conditions, in addition to radiation. The result could well be osteoporosis, bone fractures, and disability. In this article, we do not contest the validity of bone loss studies. Rather, we question a seemingly tacit assumption about the immutability of human nature. Indeed, new, invasive, and noninvasive techniques of human enhancement already allow humans to enjoy modifications that will enable lengthy space missions. The alteration of human DNA has not only aided cancer patients but, for example, by using the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing procedure, can also help to prevent damage to limbs and joints that a prolonged Mars mission could cause for the crew. Possible ethical objections to this solution are discussed, and trade-offs between risks and benefits outlined.
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| 2 |
ID:
157163
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| Summary/Abstract |
In our essay we are going to briefly discuss some legal and political questions associated with the future colonization of Mars which is now being planned by NASA and the second one is known as Project MarsOne. We assume that it will be unclear as to which legal and political solutions could work in the new Martian ecological niche. Here we will show that this issue requires more attention because we unable to predict which elements of human nature will dominate the lives of the Mars colonizers.
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| 3 |
ID:
169972
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper discusses key issues concerning robotic space missions and human enhancement for purposes of missions to deep space. Effective robotic exploration, especially to deep space, optimally requires advanced artificial intelligence not currently employed. This posits ethical and social challenges in interactions with humans. It is also argued that exploration of deep space by humans ideally requires physiological enhancement of future astronauts. At the same time, progress in space medicine, countermeasures to space radiation, and artificial gravity also provide solutions for deep space human missions. The paper concludes that deep space mission planners seriously account for both advanced robotic artificial intelligence and human physiological enhancement.
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| 4 |
ID:
183359
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| Summary/Abstract |
The idea of creating a sustainable human settlement on Mars is gaining momentum. In this context, the creation of norms and rules is important. The first wave of Mars settlers will be in unique position given the fact that they will create settlement in a completely new environment. The aim of this study is to examine legal and ethical challenges in regard to human settlement on Mars. In connection to legal issues, the focus is on adjustment of law carried from Earth. When discussing ethical aspects, special attention is given to human enhancement applied for space missions.
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