| Summary/Abstract |
On 23 October 2015, the Islamic State (also known as ISIS or ISIL) broadcast a video in Hebrew for the first time, stating that the ‘real war’ against Israel ‘has not yet begun’. More than two years after that declaration, the Islamic State’s self-styled caliphate in Syria and Iraq has collapsed, and Israel remains largely untouched by the jihadi threat. Nevertheless, jihadi terrorism remains a long-term concern for countries bordering Syria and Iraq, notably Turkey, Jordan and Lebanon. Though Israel has been mostly unaffected by jihadism, it still has a de facto border with ISIS and al-Qaeda-affiliated groups, which have established fiefdoms on the Golan Heights and in northern Sinai.
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