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ID:
185119
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Summary/Abstract |
Afghanistan’s quest for political change from a monarchical state to a modern state got jeopardized in the mid-1970s, partially due to the tribal nature of society and partially because of the intervention of global powers and regional powers in its internal affairs. Its geographic location, Cold War politics, and Global War on Terror (GWOT) invited the intervention of global powers and regional powers in the politics of Afghanistan, which complicated its process of political transition. The United States (US) and the former Soviet Union (SU) had failed to facilitate the establishment of a modern, inclusive, representative, and legitimate state order in Afghanistan. Global and regional politics adversely affected the process of political change in Afghanistan and also adversely affected by the perennial political turmoil characterized by extremism, terrorism, and radicalization there. The US entry to fight GWOT in Afghanistan following 9/11 happenings led to the fall of the Taliban regime. In contrast, the US exit from Afghanistan following Doha Deal resulted in the Taliban Regime’s re-emergence in August 2021.
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2 |
ID:
157803
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Summary/Abstract |
This paper elucidates the changing dynamics of India’s Indian Ocean Policy that substantiates four hypotheses. First, India’s maritime mindset has changed from a territorial to a non-territorial conception of the sea due to change in its strategy of economic development. Second, the evolving geopolitics of the Indian Ocean and India’s power projection aspirations have been driving New Delhi deep into the Indian Ocean. Third, the Chinese attempts to penetrate into the India Ocean through its client states such as Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Myanmar, etc., and its One Belt One Road (OBOR) or Maritime Silk Route (MSR) initiatives, have been posing a real-time maritime security challenge to India’s Indian Ocean strategy. Fourth, the US policy of Rebalance to Asia (RTA) has been providing geopolitical opportunity as well as challenge to India’s power projection drive in the Indian Ocean.
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