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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
187062
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| Summary/Abstract |
Ahmed Djemal Pasha, Military Governor of the Levant during World War I, instigated two major deportations of Jews from Jaffa during the course of the war, and numerous lesser ones. On 17 December 1914, a day that came to be known as ‘Black Thursday’, the Ottoman ruler of Jaffa, under Djemal’s command, ordered the mass deportation of ‘enemy subjects’, including 6,000 Russian-born Jewish residents of Jaffa. Over the course of the next three months, a few thousand more Russian-born Jews were expelled from Palestine or fled just ahead of the deportations. In total 11,277 Jews were exiled, leaving on various ships that took them from Jaffa to Alexandria. This article describes the ‘Black Thursday’ deportation based on testimonies of those who either witnessed it or were its victims, and briefly on the two works of documentary fiction that provide a rounded context for the many accounts.
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| 2 |
ID:
158158
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| Summary/Abstract |
In 1917, towards the end of the First World War, the Ottoman Governor of the Levant, Jamal Pasha, ordered the expulsion of the communities of Jaffa and Tel Aviv, ostensibly for their safety. Moving northwards to the Lower Galilee, the Jewish deportees’ actual experiences were severe and traumatic, with many instances of great suffering, illness and death. A series of other, smaller, but no less deadly, expulsions began in the winter of 1917 following the NILI affair. In November 1917, several groups, mainly of Jews, primarily those suspected of an association with NILI, were imprisoned in Jerusalem, then moved to prisons in Damascus on foot or by train. The deportees included the Arab educationist Khalil Sakakini, and two Jews who later became prominent in the Zionist movement, N. Twersky and Yitzhak Livni. After an introduction describing the expulsion from Jaffa, this article describes the forced marches and imprisonment endured by Twersky, Sakakini, and Livni, based on their diaries.
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