| Summary/Abstract |
IN THE 21st century, the politics of memory is becoming even more relevant as a tool of international relations. This is amply confirmed by Japan, where the past traditionally serves as a tool for legitimizing the political and social order and largely shapes foreign policy principles. But this past contains many dark chapters that stir up conflicts with its neighbors. Many of them are rooted in the distant past, when Japan aggressively spread its influence in Asia. Japanese expansion caused thousands of deaths.
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