| Summary/Abstract |
Since Vietnam and China normalised their ties in 1991, high-ranking leaders of the two countries have arrived at a common awareness on various issues with a view to promoting a relationship based on friendship, equality and mutual benefit. However, in reality, a big gap still exists between awareness and practice. There is a certain ‘phase deviation’, which leads to differences in assessment and approaches to the development of bilateral relations. Two-way trade has developed in a fast but imbalanced manner. China’s direct investments in Vietnam have not been on par with its potential. Many projects have been contracted, but a number of issues in terms of quality, technology and environmental protection have surfaced. Two out of three territorial and border issues have been settled, but the one concerning the Biển Ðông (the East Sea, or South China Sea) has become increasingly complicated. At present, the Vietnam–China relationship has entered a new phase of development with new requirements and demands as well as new opportunities and challenges.
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