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ID: 161157

1975 Congressional Feasibility Study on “Oil Fields as Military Objectives: U.S.–Saudi Arabian relations and the repercussions of the 1973 Oil Crisis / Willner, Samuel E

Willner, Samuel E	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

The Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC) members’ decision in October 1973 to impose an oil embargo upon the United States was a historic turning point. Although the embargo against the United States was lifted in March 1974, the potential threat of a new embargo continued to shadow U.S.–Saudi relations. In response, Washington developed serious contingency plans. The article analyzes the factors that led the U.S. Congress in 1975 to commission a feasibility study entitled Oil Fields as Military Objectives, and attempts to answer how effective the threat of military occupation of the oil fields and the commissioning of the study itself actually were in “persuading” Saudi Arabia to end contemplating imposing a second embargo.

Key Words

Saudi Arabia ; Henry Kissinger ; 1973 Oil Crisis ; Ahmad Zaki Yamani ; Oil Embargo ; Oil Fields as Military Objectives

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ID: 177660

First Oil Shock? Nixon, Congress, and the 1973 Petroleum Crisis / Cohen, Jordan

Cohen, Jordan	Journal Article
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This article investigates whether the United States had prior knowledge of the 1973 oil crisis instituted by Arab countries in 1973. It argues, using predominantly primary source documents, that as early as 1971, Washington understood the Arab nations were willing to use oil as an economic weapon. Furthermore, government officials had drafted contingency plans to ameliorate the enormous deleterious economic impact. Unfortunately, the gridlocked Congress and the erosion of executive power associated with the unfolding of the Watergate scandal thwarted any possibility of the Nixon Administration’s economic response to these developments being implemented. This article contributes new primary source research and contextualizes the crisis within the framework of a gridlocked Congress to add to the existing debate concerning America’s preparations for and failure to respond to the 1973 oil crisis.

Key Words

Iran ; Saudi Arabia ; Congress ; 1973 Oil Crisis ; Nixonprice Hikes

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