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ID: 179931

Negotiating statehood through ceasefires: Syria’s de-escalation zones / Sosnowski, Marika

Sosnowski, Marika	Journal Article
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This paper examines how ceasefires can influence elements of statehood. It adds to scholarship that views statehood as being in a continuous process of change by conceptualising international ceasefires as the negotiation of an embryonic type of wartime order that has ramifications for how power and authority are dispersed among competing actors in civil war. Through the example of the Syrian de-escalation zones, the paper suggests that the ceasefire not only affected the use of violence but recalibrated relations between international and local actors for control over diplomacy, security, territory, and citizenship.

Key Words

Syria ; Negotiation ; STATEHOOD ; Astana ; Ceasefires ; Civil War

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ID: 186967

Neither peace nor democracy: the role of siege and population control in the Syrian regime’s coercive counterinsurgency campaign / Berti, Benedetta; Sosnowski, Marika

Berti, Benedetta	Journal Article
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This article examines the role of siege warfare and population control in the coercive counterinsurgency strategy used by the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad to effectively crush the revolution that began in 2011. We extend the coercive counterinsurgency framework offered by Monica Duffy Toft and Yuri Zhukov to analyze the Syrian regime’s use of the twin tactical pillars of siege warfare and population control. We focus on how these two types of denial – military and political – proved essential to the regime’s military victory.

Key Words

Counterinsurgency ; Syria ; Demographic Change ; Siege ; Civil War

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ID: 175657

Towards a typology of ceasefires: order amid violence / Sosnowski, Marika

Sosnowski, Marika	Journal Article
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Traditionally, ceasefires have primarily been seen as military tools used to halt violence for specific periods of time or as a teleological bridge between war and peace. Drawing from the literature on complex political order, this paper argues that rather than only affecting levels of violence ceasefires can be better conceptualised as particular types of wartime order and that consequently they can have diverse military and political consequences on the ground. These may include for recognition and legitimation, rebel governance, economic networks, state consolidation and rights to citizenship and property. The article uses this broader conceptual foundation and an analysis of 186 ceasefire agreements to create a typology with four different types of ceasefires and theorise about their potential ramifications for other contested areas beyond the military arena. It illustrates the different types of ceasefires from the typology with empirical examples from the Syrian civil war.

Key Words

Conflict Resolution ; Syria ; Typology ; Ceasefires ; Civil War

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ID: 162251

Violence and order: the February 2016 Cease-fire and the Development of Rebel Governance Institutions in Southern Syria / Sosnowski, Marika

Sosnowski, Marika	Journal Article
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This paper views cease-fires as being multifaceted with the potential for having diverse consequences for rebel governance development. It uses the February 2016 cease-fire for Syria as a lens through which to examine the interplay of order and violence at the national level on the development of local governance institutions in Syria’s southern Dara’a province. It argues that cease-fires do not simply end or freeze hostilities but rather are political instruments that recalibrate complex systems of layered governance.

Key Words

Violence and Order ; Rebel Governance Institutions ; Southern Syria

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