| Summary/Abstract |
is study explores how local o cials tolerate and use mass mobilization to extract policy concessions from above. Local o cials strategically tolerate mass mobilization when the demands of the masses are
congruent with elements of their own agenda that they are otherwise
unable to pursue. Protestors in the streets turn out to be a powerful
bargaining chip for local o cials: they illustrate ex ante that higher
level leaders risk causing social instability if they reject the masses’
demands. e article lays out the institutional environment that gives
rise to such a strategy, presents a detailed case study focusing on the
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