| Summary/Abstract |
Saudi Arabia’s economic diversification to date has largely involved “production with rentier characteristics” — a mode of production that relies on oil-driven advantages such as energy- and capital-abundance and foreign labor. The kingdom’s previous attempts to invest in human capital development in order to create labor-intensive sectors for local citizens were hampered by institutional fragmentation in the education sector and the legacy of rentierism. While the current government is integrating the school system and training programs, capacity-building remains the major challenge in building a skilled Saudi workforce.
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