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| 1 |
ID:
152041
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| Summary/Abstract |
Social and cultural constraints in remote rural areas alienate women and limit their human development. However, there is potential for engagement in educational and economic activities to support their empowerment and the achievement of wider development goals. I discuss the case study of the Barefoot College from India where illiterate women have been involved for over 20 years in training in small-scale solar energy technology solutions. I argue that the participation in the solar program has the potential to support women’s ‘effective’ and ‘transformative’ empowerment, as my sample demonstrates. Through the training, poor women have the opportunity to have an income, learn new skills and foster employment opportunities. The engagement with the organization also supports raising their awareness and enables them to become agents of change. By challenging intra-household dynamics and societal customs, women pursue greater empowerment. Due to its unique model, the training program that started in rural Rajasthan scaled up internationally and has been replicated in several countries in south-east Asia, Africa and Latin America.
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| 2 |
ID:
152038
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This paper seeks to explore the prospects for women’s economic empowerment in the Indian Ocean region, bringing a feminist global governance perspective to the priority Trade and Investment Facilitation and Tourism areas of the Indian Ocean Rim Association’s (IORA) work. Why would investing in women’s economic empowerment bring benefits to 1 billion women living in the IORA region, and how could such investment also benefit 21 IORA economies? Part I outlines the links between women’s economic empowerment and overall sustainable macroeconomic growth that reduces inequality. Part II sets out some of the ideas that have been developed in other governance fora, or through international organizations. Part III notes some challenges IORA’s leadership may face in pursuing this agenda. I argue that this is an area of great opportunity for IORA, and a test of whether the organization is capable of setting governance and regulatory standards expected of modern regional organizations. Further, this article argues that women are disadvantaged in international trade with a particular focus on Indian Ocean region. Trade governance that gives more precedence to women’s rights recognizes women’s participation in informal trade and seeks to formalize that participation should be core to the enterprise of IORA.
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| 3 |
ID:
152039
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper assessed the opportunities and challenges faced by women involved in informal cross-border trade (ICBT) in Mutare during a prolonged economic crisis in Zimbabwe. Sixteen women informal cross-border traders were interviewed in depth while two cross-border bus drivers and two customs officials provided key information, which was categorized and discussed along emerging themes. The women were mainly middle-aged single parents who engaged in ICBT for survival. On average, they were educated but forced into ICBT by economic hardships and lack of jobs associated with the closure of industries that started in the late 1990s. Deindustrialization, however, created opportunity for the women to obtain Zimbabwean passports and import clothes, blankets, electrical gadgets and vehicle spare parts from South Africa (SA). Hence, a delay in obtaining the passport which costs US$51 and issued within six months was the women’s first challenge. Desperate to save meager incomes as most Zimbabweans resorted to ICBT, most of them slept in the open while in SA. Local authorities harassed them searching and confiscating undeclared goods. The women’s children suffered as they missed their mothers’ attention, control and love. Instead of helping the women’s businesses flourish, government proposed banning imports to revive Zimbabwe’s industrial sector.
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| 4 |
ID:
152042
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper was written based on a research at the grassroots level which was aimed to look into: (1) the relative position of women vis-a-vis the process of making policies on the protection of women migrant workers; (2) what efforts women have made; (3) what efforts women can potentially make, based on their current positions; and (4) opportunities and challenges that may arise. In arguing for the importance of women’s empowerment in conducting protection efforts for Indonesian women migrant workers, the research made the activities of three women activists from Paguyuban Seruni in Banyumas, Indonesia the object of analysis. The efforts and roles were identified through in-depth interviews and observations. Through self-development, enriching process and optimal achievement, along with access to education and involvement in the democratization process at the grassroots level, the women activists have made a valuable contribution to the efforts of protecting women migrant workers at the grassroots level. There are limitations and problems that these women have to face, but they all become motivations for them to move forward and actually do something through a process where self and community achievement are interrelated. At this stage of the research, this paper is aimed to showcase the lessons learned and best practices identified from the grassroots level, in the search for efforts worth making, developing and duplicating, with the aim of protecting women migrant workers working in the informal sector.
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| 5 |
ID:
152040
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study examines the role of fisherwomen in fishery resource management in Talaud Island District, North Sulawesi District, Indonesia. Several focus group discussions, interviews and questionnaires with fisherwomen and fishermen community as well as relevant stakeholders in Talaud Islands were conducted to collect data about the issue. The results of the research show that most of the fisherwomen in the particular area earn a living as collecting mussels, making and repairing nets, trading fish, and processing fish products. Trading and processing are the sub-sectors where women’s roles are over-represented which are low-grade unskilled jobs. However, the paper argues that the contribution of women in the fisheries sector has not been adequately reflected in policies and not yet transformed into women’s economic empowerment. The paper concludes that women’s roles and contribution to fishery family welfare and national development must be recognized by relevant government agencies and accomodated in national and local policies. These roles also should be transformed to women’s economic empowerment.
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| 6 |
ID:
152043
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The island societies of the southwest Indian Ocean offer rich worlds that reveal shared discourses regarding the natural environment, politics and identity the region. This article draws on anthropological research and in particular, recorded video for its aesthetic analysis of voicework in Mauritius and Seychelles to discuss the role of voicework in revealing cultural regionalization and identity politics. It is proposed that the Sega (a musical genre), its lyrics and performance, foreground shared identity and responses to historical oppression in the region. The songs invoke the islanders’ resilience by referring to enduring elements in the natural environment. African descendants in the islands use the Sega and its performance, to locally (and naturally) embody resistance to the historical elite. Following literatures on bodywork in the social sciences, this article offers two concepts: voicework and voicescape. Voicework is multisensory, trans-contextual, impromptu and discursive expression in Sega music. The voicescape refers to the often island-specific political and cultural context generated by voicework. The article emphasizes the embodied nature of voicework, anthropological research experience and embodied social expression in the Indian Ocean region (IOR).
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| 7 |
ID:
152044
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| Summary/Abstract |
Women’s economic empowerment (WEE) can be defined as the process of change that gives women (i) access to and control over resources and markets; (ii) increased agency and choice and; (iii) the capacity to improve and control specific outcomes or achievements (such as enhanced well-being and dignity and improved economic opportunities); and (iv) the ability to influence the wider policy, regulatory and institutional environment (WIEGO, 2016 WIEGO. (2016). Women’s Economic Empowerment: WIEGO Position and Approach. WIEGO. Retrieved August 30
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