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ID: 165775

East India Company’s Farmān, 1622‒1747 / Good, Peter

Good, Peter	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

The East India Company’s presence and ongoing trade in Persia was reliant on the privileges outlined in the Farmān, granted after the capture of Hormuz in 1622. The relationship between these two powers was cemented in the rights enshrined in the Farmān, which was used by both to regulate their varying needs and expectations over the course of 125 years. This article explores the Company’s records of the Farmān and how changes to its terms were viewed from both sides. As a Persian document, the Farmān gives a clear view of the attitudes of native officials and rulers to the Company and how these terms were used as a means of control.

Key Words

Diplomacy ; Trade ; East India Company ; Safavids ; Farmān ; Nader Shah

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ID: 184810

Hero of “the Noble Afshar People: Reconsidering Nader Shah's Claims to Lineage and Legitimacy / Karamustafa, Ali Aydin

Karamustafa, Ali Aydin	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

This essay examines Nader Shah Afshar's attempts to legitimize his rule by dint of his Turkic background. Over the course of his rise to power and reign, Nader consistently argued that his Afshar and Turkman affiliations granted him the right to rule over Iranian territory as an equal to his Ottoman, Mughal, and Central Asian contemporaries. Aided by his chief secretary and court historian, Mīrzā Mahdī Astarābādī, Nader's assertions paralleled those found in popular narratives about the history of Oghuz Turks in Islamic lands. This element of Nader's political identity is often overlooked by historians because it did not outlive the brief Afsharid period, but it demonstrates how the Safavid collapse led to the circulation of dynamic new claims to Iranian and Islamic political power.

Key Words

Iran ; Legitimacy ; Turkman ; Lineage ; Nader Shah ; Afshar

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