| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
176870
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
The success of time-of-use (TOU) pricing, where consumers are charged higher rates during peak usage windows, depends on consumer flexibility—an assumption that may not be true for all households or activities. We draw on concepts from social practice theory to explore the flexibility of residential electricity consumption, examining both household rules that govern energy conservation and activities that comprise the peak demand period. Surveying 337 households in a Northern California city slated for TOU rates, our goal was to better understand household energy rules and peak activities; willingness-to-shift peak activities; and relationships between household rules, willingness-to-shift and electricity usage. While respondent demographics and estimated monthly electricity bill (our proxy for usage) were associated with following energy rules, motivations for following rules (e.g., environmental, monetary) dominated. For respondents’ willingness-to-shift peak activities, square footage, number of household members, and smart technology were important, along with energy rule participation and the number of peak activities. Energy rule participation was also associated with lower bills, while number of household members and peak activities were associated with higher bills. Our findings provide insights into pathways for modifying energy use during peak to allow for easier integration of renewables into the grid.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
ID:
166473
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Mass adoption of the plug-in electric vehicle (EV) technology is imperative for the rapid electrification of the transportation sector to mitigate catastrophic effects from climate change. Rapid integration of a large number of EVs will inevitably cause uncertainty and variability on the operation of the existing electric power system. There is high uncertainty on not only the speed and scale of EV adoption but also the EV energy and power requirements that depends on EV charging patterns. This study uses energy meter-level data from the San Diego region to analyze the energy load profiles of residential customers under the time-of-use (TOU) rate with and without EV charging requirements. Unlike previous forecasts on the effects of EV charging loads, the energy load profile of TOU customers with EVs reveal a “twin demand peak” where there is a peak demand during the evening hours and another at midnight. Results reveal potential issues for grid operations with greater EV adoption and the importance of careful TOU rate design.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|