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ID: 173224

Belt and Road Initiative and the Development of China’s Economic Statecraft: European Attitudes and Responses / Grimmel, Andreas; Eszterhai, Viktor

Grimmel, Andreas	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

This article examines how states may be inclined to adapt to the policy goals of powerful economic partner states in acts of ‘anticipatory conformity’ or by adjusting their ‘common’ policy goals. It builds on two classical theoretical bases—the concept of economic statecraft and Hirschmanesque effects—to explore how economic power may be translated into far-reaching effects on other states’ behaviour without a clear goal or objective being proclaimed or even set by the economically powerful state. Our empirical findings suggest that the European Union still has an unparalleled influence on member states, and China’s growing economic presence in Europe alone—especially in the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative—is insufficient to influence member states’ politics.

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European Politics ; Interregionalism ; European Studies ; Belt and Road Initiative ; Politics of China ; West European Politics

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ID: 166761

Theory must not go on holiday. wittgenstein, the pragmatists, and the idea of social science / Grimmel, Andreas

Grimmel, Andreas	Journal Article
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In many ways the “practice turn” in international relations (IR) was a mere “practices turn,” in that it essentially sidelined what were presumably two key inspirations of this “turn,” namely the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and American pragmatism. This article argues that—despite obvious differences—Wittgenstein and pragmatism share a general commitment to the primacy of practice and the constitution of meaningful action in language that reaches well beyond the ongoing fixation on “practices” (as habits) in IR. We argue that a combination of the central insights of both Wittgensteinian and pragmatist works offers a fruitful new perspective on the long-standing debate about whether the idea and practice of social science differ from other scientific disciplines, in particular natural science, in (a) the relation to its subject matter, (b) the methodology it applies, and (c) the role of theory. A reassessment of this debate will also broaden our understanding of the practice of IR theorizing that not only comprehends it as the mere habitual or routinized endeavor of social scientists bound to their specific method of science but also emphasizes the creative momentum of theorizing as a linguistic practice vis-à-vis its subject matter.

Key Words

International Relations ; Idea of Social Science

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