| Summary/Abstract |
Two speeches given by Xi Jinping in late 2013 – one in Kazakhstan, one in Indonesia – set the “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) in motion. What started as a continental Silk Road Economic Belt and a 21st century Maritime Silk Road embracing the Eurasian landmass from land and sea has since then expanded to include the African, South American and Oceanian continents, as well as the Arctic, space and cyberspace. The Belt and Road has become so ubiquitous in China’s external discourse and practice that it is now almost impossible to distinguish it from Beijing’s foreign policy.
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