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| 1 |
ID:
167586
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper aims to examine four dimensions of the climate governance issue in Turkey: legislation; institutional capacity; mitigation and adaptation; and the role of Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC). After conceptualizing the concept of climate governance and identifying its components, the current situation of each dimension will be analyzed, along with its shortcomings and the uncertainties concerning climate governance. The challenges of the current system will then be discussed on the basis of these dimensions. Finally, based on the findings, a forward-looking perspective will suggest ways to eliminate the existing shortcomings and improve climate governance in Turkey.
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| 2 |
ID:
167583
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| Summary/Abstract |
In view of Turkey’s increasing distance from the European Union (EU), the continued partial alignment with EU standards is often attributed either to domestic factors, or to diffusion processes induced by external actors other than the EU. Against this background, in this special issue, we explore the extent to which reforms in Turkey’s environment and energy policy are (still) influenced by the EU. This introduction briefly reviews the Turkey related Europeanisation literature and previews the articles in this special issue.
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| 3 |
ID:
167589
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| Summary/Abstract |
A European Union (EU) membership perspective is important for Turkey’s harmonization with EU standards, which could have positive outcomes especially in the area of smart environmental management. However, as recent political developments suggest, Turkey is losing hope of full EU membership, and is searching for alternatives, such as privileged partnership. Active contributions of city-level good practices are urgently needed. Policy learning is a part of this process, and an emergent result of ever-changing negotiations involving a multiplicity of actors at the multi-level perspective (MLP). The present study investigates the glocal environmental policy of Izmir, via a review of recent governmental environmentally sensitive local innovative practices. The findings reveal that innovative environments that increase learning-by-doing and learning-by-using will become critical for environmental policy learning in Izmir and perhaps beyond.
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| 4 |
ID:
167584
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article argues that EU-induced learning processes in Turkish domestic politics deserve greater attention within the Turkey-related Europeanization literature, which, in view of Turkey’s increasing distance from the European Union, tends to attribute a continued partial alignment with EU policies to either domestic, or to non-EU-related external factors. Two arguments are put forward. First, in domestically driven reform processes, the EU may still be able to influence policy choices due to domestic actors’ bounded rationality and conflicting goals. Second, while persuasion and learning at the top political level is rather unlikely, given the currently tense relations, there are much more favorable context conditions for EU-induced learning in the interaction of the Turkish bureaucracy with the EU.
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| 5 |
ID:
167585
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| Summary/Abstract |
Despite concerns on their effectiveness and legitimacy, carbon markets are often presented as the main tool of climate policy. Developing countries are particularly eager to establish and interlink their carbon markets to benefit from global climate investment flows. Turkey is a belated but willing player in this endeavor. In tracing the ambivalent politics of establishing a carbon market in Turkey, we focus on the perceptions of different actors vis-à-vis carbon marketization attempts. Using policy documents, 22 expert interviews, and process tracing, we question the underlying assumptions on carbon markets in a country with unambitious climate targets. Our findings suggest that the making of carbon market in Turkey is not necessarily a rational, national interest-driven process but instead one promoted by the international organizations including World Bank and the EU. We conclude that this preference for market-based instruments defer public interest, favor more incremental policies, and ignore distributive justice concerns.
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| 6 |
ID:
167587
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| Summary/Abstract |
Combatting climate change and ensuring energy security require diversification of energy profiles through alternative resources, with nuclear energy being the most controversial one. Although the preferences among its members differ, the EU offers a specific legal and practical framework for nuclear energy. Turkey, on the other hand, emerges as a ‘newcomer’ in the nuclear energy field, revealing a need for policy learning for safe and secure nuclear energy generation. This research focuses on the Europeanization of Turkey’s nuclear policy to trace whether a strategic or social learning takes place within the nuclear energy framework. The analysis also questions to what extent the EU and Turkey’s framing of nuclear energy coincides or diverges with reference to the climate change.
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| 7 |
ID:
167588
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| Summary/Abstract |
Regarding urbanization policy in Turkey, one can observe how policy-making efforts continuously have moved away from transnational influences and reverted to more pragmatic, national-oriented practices in the last three decades. The results of different attempts to make sustainable urbanization policy for Turkey are vivid examples of how aspirations to reframe national urban development pattern through policy transfer failed and a nationalistic, pragmatic and authoritarian intervention, each time more hard-hitting than before, emerged with dire consequences. Occasionally, distinctive characteristics of the Turkish experience manifested itself in the uneasy symbiosis of policy-making with neo-liberal practices in cities. Using qualitative methodology, this study provides an account of Turkey’s urbanization policy-making episodes in the last decade to show how consecutive attempts to use policy learning and participation as leverage gradually alienated policy intermediaries and allowed strengthening of neo-liberal interventions in urban sphere.
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| 8 |
ID:
167590
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| Summary/Abstract |
Numerous scales in climate change politics might create problems for activists, as it is not always easy to locate the appropriate level(s) according to which they develop collective action frames. Therefore, activists might address various scales while identifying the problem and building strategies accordingly. The Turkish climate movement has been active through protest cycles largely influenced by global climate negotiations. Following the failure of the Copenhagen Climate Summit (2009) in delivering a binding climate deal, the movement shifted its strategy. Using the protest event analysis method and the movement’s archives, this paper attempts to shed light on how the Turkish climate movement learned from this global policy failure and why it switched from the global diagnostic and prognostic framing to a national/local one. Following this, the extent the European and transnational actors contribute to this frame shift will be discussed.
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