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| 1 |
ID:
174698
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| Summary/Abstract |
This study aims to summarise the characteristics of elderly care system and analyse expenditures of healthcare for the elderly in Shanghai. The authors use medical records of 2015 and health account results of 2014 based on System of Health Accounts 2011 to describe the pattern of care expenditures for elderly. Individuals aged 60 years and above account for 19.5 per cent of Shanghai’s population but utilise 52.2 per cent of all outpatient visits and 45.3 per cent of all hospitalisations. Almost two-thirds of their medical expenditures occur in hospitals and 16 per cent in community health centres, corresponding to the status of resource allocation. The out-of-pocket payment ratio of the elderly is lower than that of the younger adults, which is attributable to the preferential reimbursement polices set by the insurance schemes. The leading causes of expenditures are cardiovascular disease, neoplasms and respiratory diseases. Care for the elderly costs more, and the elderly use more services than other age groups. The article recommends the monitoring of irrational utilisation of services, strengthening of primary level care and integration of services across different facilities to streamline care for elderly in Shanghai.
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| 2 |
ID:
167624
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| Summary/Abstract |
Japan faces a large and rapidly growing care labor shortage. A common assumption is that the government has a choice between alternatives that will shape the future of its institutional elderly care provision: increase the number of migrant caregivers, or use robots and other emergent technologies to substitute for human carers. This article, based on data from seven months’ ethnographic fieldwork at an elderly care home in Japan that was introducing three different types of care robot, challenges this binary framing. The introduction of these robots served to reconfigure care – increasing the amount of work tasks for human caregivers, deskilling aspects of care labor, and raising overall costs. The robots displaced rather than replaced human labor, recalibrating the distance between carers and recipients of care. While such devices may have been intended by politicians and engineers to solve Japan’s care crisis by replacing human caregivers, the reality of robot use makes this unlikely in the foreseeable future. Yet by reconfiguring care and helping overcome linguistic and cultural barriers – rendering it “culturally odorless” – robots may facilitate the introduction of migrant caregivers at the cost of the further precaritization, commodification, and devaluation of care work.
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