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ID: 168207

First Carlist War (1833–40), insurgency, Ramón Cabrera, and expeditionary warfare / Lawrence, Mark

Lawrence, Mark	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

The period 1833 to 1840 witnessed a brutal civil war in Spain waged between insurgent Carlists and the government Cristinos. The Carlists managed to secure reliable territorial control only over one part of Spain (upland Navarra and rural parts of the neighbouring Basque provinces). Although pockets of armed Carlism flourished elsewhere in Spain, especially in Catalonia, Aragón and Galicia, these insurgents were ineffective at coordinating actions. The Carlist court in the Basque country tried to break its strategic blockade by launching a series of expeditions into Cristino-held territory in the hope of destabilising the Madrid regime and consolidating distant insurrections. This article explains how and why these expeditions scored tactical victories but strategic failures. In particular it argues that Carlist raiding strategy was a failure, for its use of violence against real and imagined enemies in marginal and Cristino areas of control alienated civilian support.

Key Words

Violence ; Guerrilla ; Carlism ; Ramón Cabrera ; Raiding

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ID: 192647

Mapping premodern small war: the case of the Thirty Years War (1618-48) / Wilson, Peter H; Tkacova, Katerina; Pert, Thomas

Wilson, Peter H	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

The example of the Thirty Years War (1618–48) demonstrates that small war was already integral to the conduct of premodern hostilities. Commanders employed these methods with a purpose and generally tried to limit the accompanying violence to preserve discipline and effectiveness, as well as their claims to be waging a just war. We explain why conventional histories have neglected the presence of small war in premodernity, and show how its importance, methods, and wider impact can be reconstructed through innovative digital mapping techniques, which have the potential to be applied to conflicts in other times and places.

Key Words

Violence ; Digital mapping ; Westphalia ; Resource Extraction ; Garrisons ; Raiding ;
Thirty Years War ; Light Troops

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