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ID:
179712
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| Summary/Abstract |
A growing body of literature focusses on the untapped potential of distributed energy as a means of implementing an energy system switch in favour of a substantial demand coverage by renewables. In Europe a policy turnaround has been initiated to promote such a transition. At the same time municipalities across Europe with ambitious climate targets seek to capture the community benefits of civic energy. Together, such developments challenge the restrictions imposed by the incumbent energy utility business model. This paper investigates how energy business models can be re-designed to allow for communities to benefit and at the same time ensure that civic energy processes can be run in a predictable, quality-assured manner. To this end civic energy is cast as a process and a generic business model framework is derived from a comprehensive civic energy process model, the Civic Energy Cycle. The ensuing Civic Energy Business Model Framework replaces the single currency of the energy utility business model by catering to diverse civic energy value propositions. The process approach is used to identify the drivers of civic energy processes and explicitly foresees an active role of community stakeholders in shaping such processes.
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| 2 |
ID:
168668
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper aims to identify the factors leading to strong wind energy development in Galicia from 1995 to 2009, in the absence of social conflict. Using participatory research techniques, our work indicates that the absence of local opposition is associated to the regulatory framework throughout this period. The central elements contributing to a better understanding of the success of this wind energy development with no social conflict are vertical decision-making and wind energy planning; the lack of institutional information and participation mechanisms and, above all, the process that declared it as Public Utility, thus opening the possibility of land expropriation. Our work concludes that, in the case under study, communities had no relevant role; their participation in the wind energy development process was a mere formality emptied of decision-making capacity. The scope of community benefits therefore became irrelevant in explaining wind dynamics within that territory.
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