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ARTICLE 12 (2) answer(s).
 
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1
ID:   168745


Digital Privacy and Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights / Woods, Lorna   Journal Article
Woods, Lorna Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This article considers the impact of digital technologies on privacy and, specifically, the issues arising from metadata. It takes the 2016 Investigatory Powers Act as an exemplar and argues, by reference to European case law, that while data arising from new technologies undoubtedly fall within the scope of privacy protections, there are questions as to the level of protection awarded. Questions arise from how the nature and intensity of intrusion is understood against a backdrop of ‘dataveillance’, as well as the underlying issue of whether ex post controls—through oversight mechanisms—are sufficient to safeguard privacy.
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2
ID:   175493


From Rocks to an Archipelago: the Brazilian Interpretation and Application of Article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea With Respect to the St. Peter and St. Paul Insular Features / Da Silva, Alexandre Pereira   Journal Article
Da Silva, Alexandre Pereira Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This article examines the Brazilian interpretation and application of Article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) through analysis of the St. Peter and St. Paul insular features, historically considered as a group of rocks. Prior to the entry into force of UNCLOS, Brazil implemented a three-step process to change the legal status of these features in order to claim an exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. More recently, Brazil has strengthened its basis of claim through the employment of straight baselines and the establishment of a large-scale marine protected area around St. Peter and St. Paul. It is argued that Brazil has used a flexible understanding of the human habitation requirement and relied on debatable state practice in order to maximize its maritime areas around these features.
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