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1
ID:   143595


(In)securitization and illiberal practices on the fringe of the EU / Skleparis, Dimitris   Article
Skleparis, Dimitris Article
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Summary/Abstract Illiberal practices of liberal regimes have been extensively studied by critical security studies. The literature on risk emphasises the idea of imminent dangers and the logic of worst-case scenarios, which eventually unsettle the balance between security and liberty by always favouring the former in its most coercive and exceptional forms. This paper, by drawing on (in)securitization theory, attempts to explain how particular illiberal practices with respect to the control and management of immigration on the fringe of the EU become normalised. It argues that (in)securitization of immigration and illiberal practices are effects of the very functioning of a transnational field of (in)security professionals that are produced through the structural competition between different actors of this field over the definition of security and the appropriate control and management of immigration. In this respect, it uses Greece as a case study and draws on material gathered through interviews with Greek security professionals in Athens, Lesvos, Orestiada, and Alexandroupoli, and analysis of their discourse in dissertations they prepared during their study in police academies.
Key Words Immigration  Insecurity  Risk  Securitization  Exceptionalism 
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2
ID:   138088


Absenting the absence of future dangers and structural transformations in securitization theory / Patomaki, Heikki   Article
Patomaki, Heikki Article
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Summary/Abstract One of the great appeals of securitization theory, and a major reason for its success, has been its usefulness as a tool for empirical research: an analytic framework capable of practical application. However, the development of securitization has raised several criticisms, the most important of which concern the nature of securitization theory. In fact, the appropriate methods, the research puzzles and type of evidence accepted all derive to a great extent from the kind of theory scholars bequeath their faith to. This Forum addresses the following questions: What type of theory (if any) is securitization? How many kinds of theories of securitization do we have? How can the differences between theories of securitization be drawn? What is the status of exceptionalism within securitization theories, and what difference does it make to their understandings of the relationship between security and politics? Finally, if securitization commands that leaders act now before it is too late, what status has temporality therein? Is temporality enabling securitization to absorb risk analysis or does it expose its inherent theoretical limits?
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3
ID:   085598


Ambiguity, uncertainty, and risk: rethinking Indeterminacy / Best, Jacqueline   Journal Article
Best, Jacqueline Journal Article
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Publication 2008.
Summary/Abstract In this paper, I argue that critical international theory could benefit from a broader and deeper conception of the limits of knowledge-that what is needed is more attention to the role of ambiguity in contemporary politics. While not challenging the usefulness of the more prevalent concepts of uncertainty and risk used by scholars applying the frameworks of global governmentality and world risk society, this essay proposes that we understand risk and uncertainty as two specific categories of indeterminacy that have come to preoccupy contemporary neoliberal thinkers and policy-makers, and hence their critics, but which nonetheless tend to downplay the interpretive dimensions of the limits of knowledge. Drawing on Michel Foucault's The Order of Things, as well as the ideas of John Maynard Keynes, I develop an analysis of the role of ambiguity in global governance-as an object of global governance, a tool to be exploited by it, and a limit to its operation. Concluding with the case of international financial governance, this essay suggests that not only will a focus on ambiguity shed light on the historical evolution of global finance, but it also provides us with some clues to the sources of the current subprime financial crisis.
Key Words Risk  Uncertainty  Ambiguity  Rethinking Indeterminacy 
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4
ID:   041180


Analysis of decisions under uncertainty / Schlaifer, Robert 1969  Book
Schlaifer, Robert Book
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Publication New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1969.
Description xvi, 729p.Hardbound
Key Words Decision Making  Risk  Uncertainty 
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
002779519.542/SCH 002779MainOn ShelfGeneral 
5
ID:   166663


Analysis of spatial correlates of terrorism using risk terrain modeling / Onat, Ismail   Journal Article
Onat, Ismail Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify correlates of terrorism in space. It examines whether places with terrorist incidents show similar patterns with respect to the physical features across landscape, and tests the spatial influence of various features of environment on the incidence of terrorism. Drawing on the locations of violent terrorist offenses committed between 2008 and 2012, the study in Istanbul applies the Risk Terrain Modeling framework to terrorism. It uses data on police incidents and infrastructure (e.g., government buildings or parks). The analysis employs GIS techniques and an event count model, and combines all risky layers in a composite map to understand where the risk is higher. The study suggests a concentration of 1153 violent terrorist incidents relative to key physical factors by identifying seventeen potential risk factors, eight of which were significantly correlated in the model. Regardless of terrorists’ intent, the significantly associated establishments increase the risk in the surrounding areas where these features are located. The coexistence of leisure places such as bakeries, religious facilities, or eateries results in higher risks. While the environmental backcloth may constitute a risk for terrorism, its components may also help forecast the locations of terrorist incidents in the future.
Key Words Risk  Infrastructure  Spatial Modeling  Routines 
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6
ID:   161235


Assessing, Learning and Acting: cultural practice, ecological change and risk / Ghosh, Abhik   Journal Article
Ghosh, Abhik Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Our environment has been steadily getting worse ever since human beings have begun to evolve on this planet. It has especially become worse after human beings evolved sufficiently to become large populations, exploiting their local environment through complex equipment and tools. Measuring this was not such an easy task. The tools required were not yet ready and neither were our conceptions of the environment detailed enough in their complexity.
Key Words Risk  Cultural Practice,  Ecological Change 
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7
ID:   098102


Between identity quest and risk aversion: lessons form the Chen Shui-bian presidency for maintaining cross - strait stability / Hsu, S Philip   Journal Article
Hsu, S Philip Journal Article
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Publication 2010.
Summary/Abstract This article argues that how President Chen Shui-bian's provocative initiatives have impacted cross-strait stability since 2003 generates crucial lessons, not available in the past, for understanding the propelling and constraining dynamics of a cross-strait military conflict in the long run. The lessons are grounded in three interrelated sets of interactive logic: between the Chen Administration and the Taiwan electorate; between Taiwan people's aspiration for an exclusive national identity and their risk-averse proclivity in the face of China's military threat; and between Washington's and Beijing's acts of signaling toward Taipei. Specifically, this article demonstrates that Taiwan's voters at first backed the Chen Administration's provocative initiatives in order to seek a national identity instead of de jure independence, and that such popular support receded dramatically once such initiatives came to be perceived, amidst domestic and international developments, by the voters as drifting away from the identity quest and toward evoking their choice between the status quo and independence. The risk-averse voters turned away from the altered character of the initiatives and thus restrained the reckless politicians, largely because of both Washington's signaling which highlighted the change and the ensuing risk of war, and Beijing's refraining from saber rattling toward Taiwan. The voters' decisions foiled the 2004 and 2008 referenda, and forestalled the DPP in 2004 from acquiring a parliamentary majority necessary for legislating its provocative initiatives such as renaming the country and creating a new constitution.
Key Words Taiwan  Risk  Identity  Chen Shui-bian  Cross - Strait Stability 
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8
ID:   081451


Beyond risk: premediation and the post-9/11 security imagination / Goede, Marieke De   Journal Article
Goede, Marieke De Journal Article
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Publication 2008.
Summary/Abstract In the context of the `war on terror', techniques of imagining the future have taken on new political significance. Richard Grusin has coined the term `premediation' to describe the way in which news media and cultural industries map and visualize a plurality of possible futures. This article examines the relation between the politics of risk and premediation as a security practice. Premediation simultaneously deploys and exceeds the language of risk. Its self-conscious deployment of imagination in security practice feeds economies of both anxiety and desire
Key Words Security  Risk  War on Terror  Premediation  Stress Testing 
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9
ID:   105944


Beyond sectors, before the world: finance, security and risk / Kessler, Oliver   Journal Article
Kessler, Oliver Journal Article
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Publication 2011.
Summary/Abstract While security and finance are certainly different social spheres, the fact that we can detect similar shifts in both points to the existence of something that precedes these 'realities'. If finance and security are said to be different, intertwined and related, the question then arises as to what it is that constitutes the differences and similarities between them. This article argues that further inquiry into the boundary between the two leads us to understand processes of securitization and financialization as constitutive processes by which actors, behaviours, practices or communications are considered to be economic or securitized. To capture processes of financialization, the article draws on systems theory in general and the concept of functional differentiation in particular.
Key Words Finance  Risk  Securitization  World Society  Economization 
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10
ID:   167188


British operations among the people and civilian risk / Friesendorf, Cornelius   Journal Article
Friesendorf, Cornelius Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Debates on military intervention and small wars often include the claim that soldiers should operate among civilians in order to avoid civilian casualties and to protect civilians against third-party violence. This article, by contrast, points at negative unintended consequences of military operations taking place in close proximity to local populations: it argues that also risk-tolerant militaries cause civilian casualties and that their presence triggers third-party violence against civilians. The British military, in particular the British Army, exported risk-tolerant practices from Northern Ireland to the Balkans, with sporadic success. But in southern Iraq and in Helmand, British ground operations harmed civilians. The findings suggest that the chances for protection are better in operations where levels of violence are relatively low than in counterinsurgency where troops face ruthless and well-endowed enemies operating among civilians.
Key Words Counterinsurgency  Iraq  KOSOVO  Afghanistan  Northern Ireland  Bosnia 
Risk  British Army  Force Protection  Casualty Aversion 
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11
ID:   136074


Can Smart Defense work: a suggested approach to increasing risk- and burden-sharing within NATO / Richter, Anke; Webb, Natalie   Article
Richter, Anke Article
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Summary/Abstract “Smart Defense” is NATO's new approach to risk- and burden-sharing, which has been a chronic problem within the alliance since the 1950s. Numerous solutions have been proposed, but initiatives resulting in more equitable burden-sharing have never been fully implemented. There are two driving forces influencing a county's willingness to support such initiatives – the economic theory of alliances and the risks posed by the implementation of capability sharing. The authors examine each of these and propose that rather than aiming for group consensus on the production of capabilities, NATO should focus on interoperability through support functions. This approach provides the most likely solution for connecting the forces, doctrine, procedures, standards and other factors of joint capability production such that country leaders find the risks of doing so to be politically and militarily acceptable.
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12
ID:   161866


China and international housing price growth / Chang, Yuk Ying   Journal Article
Chang, Yuk Ying Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract We document Chinese effects on international residential property price growth. We show that faster growth of the housing prices is associated with larger declines in recent past growth of China's GDP, larger increases in China's savings rate, or stronger rise in China's risks. These results are consistent with the notion of Chinese investing in overseas property markets when faced with less promising investment opportunities at home and when they have the means to invest offshore. These effects are stronger for countries where English is the primary spoken language, with better tertiary education quality, and that exhibit lower correlations between local property market price growth and China's interest rate.
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13
ID:   140491


Cold war reconnaissance flights along the Berlin corridors and in the Berlin control zone 1960–90: risk, coordination and sharing / Wright, Kevin Paul   Article
Wright, Kevin Paul Article
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Summary/Abstract During the Cold War, Soviet and East German military units, equipment and activities around Berlin were high priority targets for Western military intelligence agencies. This article examines the imagery gathering undertaken by British, French and US reconnaissance flights along the Berlin Air Corridors and inside the Berlin Control Zone. The quantity of information was effectively multiplied because of the close cooperation between the Western allies and coordination with Allied Military Liaison Mission ‘ground tours’. This cooperation generally went further than has been publicly acknowledged by individual governments. This paper contends that the collaboration provided the most comprehensive and regular collection of imagery on Soviet and East German military units for the duration of the Cold War. It contributed to a multi-dimensional picture of Soviet and German Democratic Republic capabilities and intentions. Soviet motives for generally not interfering with those missions on a regular basis are considered.
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14
ID:   091427


Competition and cooperative practices in Sino-Japanese energy and environmental relations: towards an energy security risk community / Wishnick, Elizabeth   Journal Article
Wishnick, Elizabeth Journal Article
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Publication 2009.
Summary/Abstract This article reexamines the conventional wisdom that characterizes Sino-Japanese energy relations as predominantly competitive, but views Sino-Japanese environmental relations as essentially cooperative. Using sociological theories of risk, it is argued that Sino-Japanese cooperation is more likely in both the energy and environmental areas when common risks are perceived and relative gains are minimized. Despite their many conflicting strategic, political, and economic interests, as energy importers who are vulnerable to supply interruptions in the Middle East and competitors for global energy supplies, China and Japan share common risks to their energy security. Consequently, there actually may be increasing opportunities for China and Japan to address their common concerns through bilateral and multilateral cooperative practices, such as common positions on pricing or energy conservation initiatives. Although one would expect China and Japan to highlight their mutual interests in tackling environmental problems such as air pollution, in fact relative gains often impede cooperation. Japan increasingly views China as an economic competitor and is reducing environmental aid, while China continues to set a priority on economic growth, which sets limits on the use of costlier Japanese green technologies. By examining a selection of scholarly articles, reports and newspaper articles by Chinese and Japanese analysts, as well as material from interviews in Beijing and Tokyo in May-June 2007, the paper shows how environmental and energy issues in Sino-Japanese relations may be framed as threats, requiring counter-measures, or common risks, which can be addressed through cooperative practices. Lastly, the paper discusses the possibility of the development of an energy security 'risk community' as cooperative practices develop between China and Japan. Nonetheless, conflicting political interests, strategies, and self-images, accentuating relative gains, may provide obstacles to their cooperation in both energy security and environmental protection.
Key Words Security  Environment  Japan  China  Risk  Relations 
Energy Relations  Sino-Japan Relations 
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15
ID:   170274


Consumer drone evolutions: trends, spaces, temporalities, threats / Jackman, Anna   Journal Article
Jackman, Anna Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract While the drone has become synonymous with the War on Terror, the asymmetric iconography of the battlefield is shifting. Commercially available off-the-shelf (COTS) drones are increasingly prevalent features of global battlefields, employed by non-state actors in both visualising such spaces, and the directing and inflicting of harm. As such usage increases, so too do concerns around their evolving adoption, adaptation, and potential portability into homeland spheres. While cognizant of the range of positive drone applications, it is asserted that drones nonetheless remain simultaneously bound to an inverse potential for exploitation. In examining drone risk, this article approaches the consumer drone through a series of sites and spaces through which it is technically and socially constructed. Reflecting upon industry innovation, community-driven experimentation, and evolving airspace – it calls for greater attention to the drone’s malleability, arguing that understandings of COTS drones must remain attentive to both drone potential and potential drone threat.
Key Words Technology  Unmanned Aerial Vehicles  Risk  Threat  Innovation  Mitigation 
Drone  Airspace 
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16
ID:   026468


Country Risk Assessment: Theory and Worldwide Practice / Haner, F.T.; Ewing, John S. 1985  Book
Haner, F.T. Book
0 Rating(s) & 0 Review(s)
Publication New York, Praeger Publishers, 1985.
Description 329p.Hbk
Standard Number 0-03-069554-6
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
030203658.152/HAN 030203MainOn ShelfGeneral 
17
ID:   070910


Dealing with uncertainty arising out of probabilistic risk assessment / Solomon, Kenneth A; Kastenberg, William E; Nelson, Pamela F 1983  Book
Solomon, Kenneth A Book
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Publication Santa Monca, Rand Corporation, 1983.
Description xv, 58p.
Standard Number 0833005251
Key Words Decision Making  Risk  Uncertainty 
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Copies: C:1/I:0,R:0,Q:0
Circulation
Accession#Call#Current LocationStatusPolicyLocation
024287363.179/SOL 024287MainOn ShelfGeneral 
18
ID:   081459


Designer security: Control Society and MoMA's SAFE: Design Takes On Risk / Lacy, Mark   Journal Article
Lacy, Mark Journal Article
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Publication 2008.
Summary/Abstract This article suggests that Gilles Deleuze's writings on societies of control provide useful insights on changing configurations of biopower in contemporary societies. However, far from the dystopias depicted in many popular visions of the future, such as the films THX 1138 and Minority Report, societies of control are being shaped by the work of designers, creating the potential for an `ecology of control' that can become `benignly' woven into our lives. MoMA's exhibition SAFE: Design Takes On Risk is a fascinating introduction to designers' responses to risk and insecurity around the planet, along with work that interrogates critically our obsessions with risk, control, and insecurity. SAFE illustrates an emerging synergy between designers and policymakers that makes possible the intensification of control society through products of `communectivity' (such as the ironic `Homeland Security Blanket') and designer security. Indeed, `designing in' protection and `designing out' insecurity are mantras that are increasingly important to contemporary discourses of security in risk-obsessed states. The article expresses the author's concern that discourses of design and security suppress anxiety about the ethico-political consequences of control society, along with broader issues of security politics, at the same time as they install new policy initiatives and `synergies' through the desire to design out insecurity
Key Words Security  Biopolitics  Risk  Control Society  Design 
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19
ID:   193297


Disruption from above, the middle and below: Three terrains of governance / Chua, Charmaine   Journal Article
Chua, Charmaine Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The term disruption has become a buzzword for our times, although there is little clarity over what the term means, how it is deployed, and towards what ends. In order to understand the analytical and political stakes that are embedded in the deployment of ‘disruption’ as a rationale for various sources of upheaval, in this article I argue that these three terrains of disruption should be understood as theories of governance, and term them ‘disruption from above’, ‘disruption from the middle’, and ‘disruption from below’. Each terrain of disruption embodies different ethoses, actors, and goals: the first connoting elite-driven creative destruction and innovation; the second obfuscating the capitalist imperative that produces world-systemic upheavals; and the third seeking to expose the structures of violence and inequality built into such practices. I illustrate these three terrains through a structural account that traces the popularity of the disruption discourse from its origins to its material application; analyse an illustrative example of the assetisation of infrastructure and how it bureaucratises governance and shifts relations of power; and conclude by examining infrastructural forms of protest against such forms. I argue that the confusion over what disruption means, who exercises it, and upon whom is not a coincidence: rather, disruption's polysemy is structurally produced as a way to disguise ongoing capitalist crisis as a technical problem that market innovations can solve.
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20
ID:   110203


Domestic politics of international hierarchy: risk management and the reconstitution of international society / Clapton, William; Hameiri, Shahar   Journal Article
Hameiri, Shahar Journal Article
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Publication 2012.
Summary/Abstract Recent work has identified new hierarchical relationships within international society. However, few scholars have provided a satisfactory account of what informs their formation, reproduction or constitutional effects for international society. We argue that underpinning the emergence of a more hierarchical international society is a new social logic of risk, which constructs illiberal and/or fragile states as potentially dangerous sites of instability and disorder that pose particular security risks for Western states. We proceed to argue that such risk-based hierarchies are transformative of both inter-state and intra-state relations, by stripping equal political agency from 'risky' actors within and without the state. We demonstrate these claims by drawing on examples of international state building in Southeast Asia and the Southwest Pacific.
Key Words Intervention  Risk  International Society  Hierarchy  English School 
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