| Summary/Abstract |
This article draws a distinction between external support which primarily serves to enhance rebel capacity to offensively target vital state interests and support which primarily increases rebel capacity to defensively resist state repression. Targeting support increases a rebel group’s incentive to behave aggressively, and is found to be associated with a shorter conflict duration when given to strong groups and a higher probability of a decisive conflict outcome. Resistance support increases a rebel group’s incentive to prioritise survival, and is found to be associated with a longer conflict duration.
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