| Summary/Abstract |
The history of the passport is one of the lesser researched questions in the history of post-Soviet countries. Our research is devoted to the consideration of the role of the passport institutions and associated documents of the Bolshevik government in Kazakhstan in the 1920s. Official pass documents, temporary identifications, and certificates of residence played the role of basic documents used in the passport system for Kazakhstan’s Bolshevik government. Regional administrative bodies were tasked with the organization and supervision of the issue of these documents. Those organizations were special departments, pass offices, and local Soviet organizations. Although the Civil War of 1918–1920 contributed to the strengthening of the law enforcement agencies that controlled identity documents, during the period of the New Economic Policy, control of movement using such documents was far less stringent than it would be after 1928 and into the 1930s.
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