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ID:
169245
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article analyses the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in conjunction with the Protection of Civilians (POC) in peace operations. It examines where and how the two concepts have challenged, altered, led to reinterpretations and had feedback effects on each other. Drawing on methods from discourse analysis, the article examines their: gradual institutionalization at the United Nations (UN); deployment in the practices of the Security Council; and, influence over the actions of operations in the field. The analysis shows that the R2P has co-evolved with POC and particularly the implementation of POC through UN peace operations. The article illustrates that the emergence of the R2P and the trends in POC in peace operations have cross-fertilised in discourse and practice at the UN regarding the prevention and response to egregious of human rights abuses. It argues that this has influenced their respective trajectories with ramifications for understanding the normative trajectory and status of the R2P as it enters its third decade in popular lexicon. In particular, it posits that understanding the current and future status of the R2P will be enhanced by insights into how the R2P has shaped, but also been shaped by, other contiguous normative agendas, thematic areas and practices.
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| 2 |
ID:
169240
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| 3 |
ID:
169243
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| Summary/Abstract |
Scholarship on international police reform and Women, Peace and Security (WPS) has flourished in the last decade and the potential for engagement across these two bodies of literature is promising. Given the increased use of police personnel in international peace missions and emphasis on gender mainstreaming policies, the need for assessing the impact of these two trends has never been greater. Thus, this paper seeks to bridge gaps between the mainstream policing scholarship and feminist scholars focused on post-conflict peacebuilding police reforms. We explore how feminist scholars can engage with policing literature’s technocratic language and ‘in the field’ experience as well as how policing scholars can interact with feminist scholars to transform traditional approaches to security in the context of the WPS Agenda. We demonstrate the benefits of increased dialogue and interaction by highlighting the common and diverging challenges in both fields in three areas: the design, implementation, and evaluation. Finally, to illustrate the dynamic intersection of these areas of study and practice, we examine the transnational policing efforts to gender mainstream the Liberian National Police (LNP) in the context of the UN Mission in Liberia (UNMIL).
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| 4 |
ID:
169237
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| 5 |
ID:
169244
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| Summary/Abstract |
The article offers a much-needed impulse to the debate on humanitarian military interventions, which is characterized by conceptual confusion and a lack of comparative research. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature, we identify the most important definitional controversies and discuss the conceptual pros and cons of the respective positions. We illustrate how definitional choices affect comparative research using a new dataset covering all humanitarian military interventions since the Second World War. Classic definitions based on ideal types might have normative merits, but they cannot ground an empirical research programme because they vacate the universe of cases. However, military interventions for declared humanitarian purposes are here to stay, and they should be analysed instead of defined into oblivion. Thus, the definition should reflect the practice of humanitarian military interventions, not subordinate the humanitarian purpose to violations of sovereignty and international law. The definition must not be restricted to interventions reacting to death tolls that ‘shock the conscience of mankind’; it must also consider interventions in the early stages of conflict. Moreover, military interventions should not be disregarded when the humanitarian motive is not exclusive or predominant.
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| 6 |
ID:
169236
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| 7 |
ID:
169235
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| 8 |
ID:
169239
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| 9 |
ID:
169241
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| 10 |
ID:
169234
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| 11 |
ID:
169242
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| Summary/Abstract |
Personnel in peacekeeping missions come from diverse organizations and nations, yet must coordinate together in each peacekeeping mission. Diversity in organizations (militaries, police forces, civil organizations), gender and culture (national, ethnicity, religion) make communication and cooperation difficult yet vital in order to achieve peacekeeping missions’ goals. Current training puts few resources into training personnel in the critical soft skills of communication, gender awareness and cultural awareness that facilitate working together. Experiential learning through role-play is recognized as the best way to improve soft skills but is expensive and logistically difficult. Role-playing in a digital environment, specifically a Serious Game, can provide experiential learning that is low cost and accessible to all. Training peacekeepers in soft skills digitally requires deep knowledge of soft skills in peacekeeping. Yet we know little about the experiences of soft skills by peacekeeping personnel on peacekeeping. This article draws on in-depth interviews with 177 experienced military, police and civilian peacekeeping personnel around Europe. The research demonstrates the limited and uneven nature of training in soft skills, identifies the soft skills needed by the interviewees on missions, and demonstrates that the majority of the interviewees want more training and practice in soft skills relevant for peacekeeping.
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| 12 |
ID:
169238
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