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GRZYWACZ, ANNA (3) answer(s).
 
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ID:   170520


Closer to a threat than an opportunity: Polish perception of China’s rise and international engagement / Grzywacz, Anna   Journal Article
Grzywacz, Anna Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Chinese initiatives of a geopolitical nature are being more and more frequently analyzed in the literature. At the same time, it is pointed out that at least since 2012 China has been pursuing an assertive and active foreign policy. Due to the importance of the Belt and Road Initiative project and also the 16 + 1 cooperation in the Central and Eastern Europe region, it is worth analyzing what the perception of China in this region is on the example of Poland. The study attempts to answer the question of how the increase in China’s importance and its international engagement are perceived in Poland. The analysis of Polish papers published in 2003–2017 shows, and this is an argument, that Polish researchers more frequently present China in the categories of a threat and apply research terminology and tools within the realistic theory of international relations and this image is being reinforced, especially after 2013. The analytical framework of “China as a threat” and “China as an opportunity” occurring frequently in research is placed in this paper in theories of international relations.
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2
ID:   174734


Indonesia’s (inter)national role as a Muslim democracy model: effectiveness and conflict between the conception and prescription roles / Grzywacz, Anna   Journal Article
Grzywacz, Anna Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Indonesia has developed an internal model of reconciling the values of democracy and Islam; therefore it could pursue international activities for bringing the West and the Islamic world together. However, Indonesia’s international role as a bridge-builder between democratic values and Islam has limited effectiveness. In this paper the attempt is to investigate why Indonesia’s international activity as a bridge-builder between the West and the Muslim world is ineffective? The analysis shows, and this is the argument, that its limited effectiveness results from a conflict between the country’s conception and prescription roles. The assumptions are that Indonesia’s underlying objective in its foreign policy is to provide a tool for reconciling the West and the Muslim world (role conception); however an enactment of this role is affected by a dissonance between the authors of this role. The paper examines three empirical case studies at different levels of Indonesia’s external engagement: (1) civilizational and interfaith dialogues at the international level; (2) the Organization of Islamic Cooperation and Developing-8 at the inter-regional level; and (3) the Bali Democracy Forum at the regional level.
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3
ID:   170114


Singapore's Foreign Policy toward Regional and Inter-regional Institutions / Grzywacz, Anna   Journal Article
Grzywacz, Anna Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Singapore is an active and significant actor in the Asia Pacific region. Most of the analysis of Singapore's foreign policy falls on the theoretical spectrum between (neo)realism and (neo)liberalism—theories focusing on its economic and security interests and power politics. In this article I draw upon the theoretical framework of political adaptation to provide a fresh analytical perspective on Singapore's regional activity. I show how further refining the political adaptation framework beyond its existing dimensions to include active, passive, and reactive adaptation sheds light on how Singapore adapts its foreign policy to maximize its role in regional and inter-regional institutions. The article examines three empirical case studies at different levels of Singapore's external engagement: (1) ASEAN at the closest regional level, (2) APEC at the wider regional level, and (3) ASEM at the inter-regional level.
Key Words ASEAN  Foreign Policy  Singapor 
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