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| 1 |
ID:
169276
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper applies a model of the relationship between armed group authority/legitimacy and popular support for armed groups, to explain how the EZLN gained support among a diverse array of constituencies in the period from 1983-2005. Moreover, it shows that the need to maximise support explains the EZLN’s strategy in the different phases of its existence. The EZLN is an interesting case, due to the organization’s high degree of reliance on international and national civil society support, which illustrates the importance of ideology and political messaging in understanding support for armed groups.
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| 2 |
ID:
169277
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| Summary/Abstract |
The concept of security dilemma has been widely applied to ethnic conflicts in former Yugoslavia and the post-Soviet space. This paper argues that for both methodological clarity and policy formation, we should distinguish between ethnic conflicts caused by security dilemma and ones triggered by ethnic identity. It is argued that identity plays a different role in security dilemmas, but a major one in identity-based ethnic conflicts. Although ethnic identity may be at stake in the operation and dynamics of security dilemma, it is not the causal variable in the outbreak of ethnic conflict. Identity-based conflicts may reproduce many of the features of the security dilemma but have other causal factors. Distinguishing between the differing role of identity in security dilemma and identity based-ethnic conflicts may further our understanding of why certain conflicts have become so intractable, while others are relatively easier to resolve. For testing the hypothesis, empirical evidence is presented from two conflicts in the post-Soviet space with variations in the causal variable.
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| 3 |
ID:
169278
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article draws a distinction between external support which primarily serves to enhance rebel capacity to offensively target vital state interests and support which primarily increases rebel capacity to defensively resist state repression. Targeting support increases a rebel group’s incentive to behave aggressively, and is found to be associated with a shorter conflict duration when given to strong groups and a higher probability of a decisive conflict outcome. Resistance support increases a rebel group’s incentive to prioritise survival, and is found to be associated with a longer conflict duration.
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| 4 |
ID:
169280
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| Summary/Abstract |
Previous literature explains peace negotiations mainly with country-level factors or events related to the countries where the peace efforts take place. This closed polity approach contrasts with contemporary peace processes where the actors and demands transcend nation-state boundaries. This paper challenges this dominant understanding in the peace process literature and focuses on the role of the rebel groups’ transborder kin connections in affecting peace process dynamics. By studying the Kurdish Peace Process conducted between the Government of Turkey and the PKK, the paper argues that the transborder kin connections can both remedy and exacerbate bargaining problems acute to peace processes.
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| 5 |
ID:
169279
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| Summary/Abstract |
This research explores strategies led by women´s grassroots organisations and discusses how they can offer opportunities for peacebuilding in frozen conflict settings such as Georgia and the breakaway territories of South Ossetia and Abkhazia. These conflicts are related to separatist aspirations which are based, on the surface, on ethnic differences. However, the precedent of inter-ethnic dialogue shows that there is not an inherent ‘us-against-them’ narrative separating Georgia from Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Therefore, it is possible to create alternative arenas for dialogue and mutual understanding among the parties. To this end, this study adopts a broad approach to peacebuilding as a process of social transformation of hostile attitudes and exclusive narratives. I argue that women-to-women diplomacy is a peacebuilding strategy with the potential to address the roots of polarisation by humanising the other and identifying common ground for cooperation and inter- ethnic dialogue. The empirical research based on the experiences of women’s organisations in Georgia illustrates the contribution of women-to-women diplomacy to peacebuilding as an alternative platform for coalition building based on the common goal of achieving equal rights.
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