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EAST ASIA: AN INTERNATIONAL QUATERLY VOL: 36 NO 1 (4) answer(s).
 
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ID:   167168


King Chulalongkorn as Builder of Incipient Siamese Nation-State / Heng, Michael S. H.   Journal Article
Heng, Michael S. H. Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract In his long reign, King Chulalongkorn displayed deep wisdom and political acumen in laying down the foundation of the Siamese nation-state. He continued the project of his father in modernizing Siamese state and society. In the early period of his reign, his efforts were opposed by conservative forces and vested interested, but he bid his time and pressed on when situation improved. With a weak military and no support from Britain, he was forced to give outlying territories to France under gunboat threats. The event spurred him on to speed up and intensify the program to modernize and build a unitary and absolutist modern state. His visits abroad and other exposures to the outside world stimulated him to take steps to build a Siamese nation by nurturing a collective sense of identity of the peoples in Siam. By virtue of his achievements, he left behind a significant legacy and a distinctive imprint on the Thai political culture. The paper discusses to what extent was Siam different from her neighbors, given the fact that she was able to escape being colonized.
Key Words Modernization  Nation-Building  State-Building  Siam  Chulalongkorn 
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2
ID:   167165


Political Changes in China Since the 19th CCP Congress: Xi Jinping Is Not Weaker But More Contested / Cabestan, Jean-Pierre   Journal Article
Cabestan, Jean-Pierre Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Since the 19th Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Xi Jinping has continued to dominate the political stage. Having succeeded to abolish the two-term limit for the presidency in March 2018, he has consolidated even more his power, restructuring several Party and state agencies and promoting many supporters to key positions. He has also privileged very conservative policies, raising questions about China’s reform and open-door strategy. However, in the summer of 2018, in the context of a growing trade war with the US, his opponents have launched an offensive that has highlighted deepening divisions within the Party leadership and among the elites. While today Xi is more contested than before, his detractors have remained unable to weaken him, let alone to use the trade war with the US, to force him to radically change course.
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3
ID:   167167


Politicising the Manhwa Representations of the Comfort Women: with an Emphasis on the Angoulême International Festival Controversy / Park, JeongWon Bourdais   Journal Article
Park, Jeongwon Bourdais Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This article discusses the nexus between comics, collective historical memory and politics in the context of the contemporary relationship between Japan and South Korea by examining the graphic manhwa narratives dealing with the memories of comfort women that were exhibited during the Angoulême Comics Festival in France in early 2014. With a theme of ‘memories of war and gendered violence’, commemorating the centennial of the outbreak of the First World War, the event that accommodated a special exhibition for Korean manhwa attracted controversy because of its political nature, drawing heavy media attention and sparking public debate and diplomatic quarrels. Adding academic depth to this cultural and diplomatic clash by linking the concepts of soft power foreign policy and cultural citizenship, this paper investigates what made the cultural event politically tainted and how the politicisation debate between the two countries escalated throughout the event. Existing studies on soft power foreign policy often leave the core contents of the ‘soft’ part unexplained. This article, in contrast, explores the current limits of accommodating cultural expressions of historical memories through an in-depth analysis of the exhibited artworks and the two countries’ nationalised soft power diplomacy. It argues that both governments’ direct and indirect intervention in the cultural realm nurtured irreconcilable cultural representations in this particular theme and genre of cultural representation under the current research.
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4
ID:   167166


Recent Trends in Political Extremism in Japan: a Decline in Physical Violence and a Rise in “Extremism by Other Means” / Shibuichi, Daiki   Journal Article
Shibuichi, Daiki Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract This article observes that the cycle of violent political extremism that began in Japan’s postwar period did not last long beyond the mid-1990s. In view of the situation, this article intends to (1) give an overview of the issue, (2) discuss why the frequency and degree of political violence declined, and (3) investigate current trends in Japanese political extremism, as it still appears to exist if we define extremism as more than physically violent behaviors. This article argues that violent extremism as a tactic may have found it difficult to outlive the period of the “developmental state” of Japan, while the era of “civil society” in Japan that followed perhaps rendered ideologically motivated violence irrelevant. This article also argues that, today, acts that can be counted as extremism have morphed into occasions where activists have grievously offended the feelings of the targeted population, thereby gaining notoriety and publicity.
Key Words Japan  Extremism  Far-left  Far-right 
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