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| 1 |
ID:
146291
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| Summary/Abstract |
FUTURE GENERATIONS will associate the early twenty-first century with an upsurge of international tension and the emergence of new security threats in all spheres of human life and activities. In the Middle East, the process began five years ago with the Arab Spring, the term coined to describe a wave of radical Islamism that inundated the region. Today, it is a knot of numerous geopolitical, economic, demographic, religious and other contradictions of worldwide significance. Disentanglement will require time and political will. The rising confrontation between two camps of world power - the U.S., EU, Turkey, and the oil monarchies led by Saudi Arabia, on the one side, and Russia, Iran and China, on the other - makes the conflicts more complicated and the prospects of their settlement vaguer.
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| 2 |
ID:
146275
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THE ARCTIC REGION attracts the attention of a far larger number of states than those that are adjacent to it. The massive melting of Arctic ice provides broad opportunities for opening new maritime routes and for prospecting for natural resources, and the development of energy and trade; it is also fraught with a serious conflict in the Arctic. The international community has already appreciated the economic attractiveness of the Arctic, and states began to argue about the redrawing of Arctic boundaries. Arctic and non-Arctic states are becoming increasingly involved in the efforts to review them.
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| 3 |
ID:
146277
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A PART OF THE WESTERN WORLD, Europe, however, has been very selective about alien cultures and civilizations; not a "melting pot" American style, it is paying dearly for this function imposed on it. The disagreements on the migration issues in the European corridors of power threaten the cohesion of the European Unity. Frau Merkel who demonstrated a no mean determination to meet a new wave of migrants with maximal openness and tolerance had already accepted the failure of mul-ticulturalism.
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| 4 |
ID:
146274
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ON FEBRUARY 15, 2016, Russia's BRICS presidency came to an end. Its results with regard to state and government agencies, business, the academic community, and civil institutions are yet to be analyzed. However, even now there is good reason to say that we have successfully accomplished the mission of helmsman at the Big Five ship, on the whole fulfilling, in the course of our work in conjunction with our partners, the directives and specific assignments that our countries' leaders formulated at the Ufa summit on July 8-9, 2015. Our focused, dedicated efforts translated into wide-ranging practical results, which were praised by our colleagues. Perhaps it would not be an exaggeration to say that the Russian presidency has become a landmark in BRICS development, improving the countries' collaboration within the framework of the association and enhancing its role in international affairs.
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| 5 |
ID:
146287
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| 6 |
ID:
146278
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| Summary/Abstract |
ALL GREATEST LITERARY CREATIONS of antiquity, be it the Mahabharata, the Bible, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the Avesta, the Kalevala and others tell us about conflicts, confrontations, struggle, and wars as the most important events in the history of mankind. This creates an impression that at all times people knew no other occupations but wars or preparations for new wars once the previous war was over and that mankind appeared on Earth and lived on it to fight and to destroy itself. Progress was and is limited to consistent upgrade of the old and invention of new types of deadly weapons rather than develop personality, its abilities, talents, and spirituality.
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| 7 |
ID:
146282
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| Summary/Abstract |
RUSSIA'S EASTWARD TURN in its foreign policy has resulted in the resumption of debates on proposed Eurasian priorities in its educational and scientific policies. The political basis for this is a Russian-Chinese statement on the planned mutual integration of two projects, the Eurasian Economic Union and Silk Road Economic Belt, that was issued during a Russian-Chinese summit in Moscow on May 8, 2015.
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| 8 |
ID:
146289
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| Summary/Abstract |
SUCCESS multiplied by intuition is behind many discoveries. This fully applies to British historian Prof. Gabriel Gorodetsky* who has written numerous scholarly works including The Precarious Truce: Anglo-Soviet Relations, 1924-1927, Stafford Cripps' Mission to Moscow, 1940-1942, etc.
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| 9 |
ID:
146279
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THERE IS A STORY, possibly apocryphal, that while briefing Richard Nixon for his 1972 visit to China, Henry Kissinger told the President that Zhou Enlai was an avid student of French history. During his trip, Nixon met Zhou in the Forbidden City. As they strolled together through the gardens, Nixon remembered Kissinger's comment and asked Zhou what he thought had been the influence of the French Revolution on western civilization. Zhou paused for thought, then replied: "Too early to tell." Similarly it could well be too early to tell what the end of the Cold War means for the international system. But at least the broad outlines of some of the main issues may now be glimpsed.
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| 10 |
ID:
146288
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR (1700-1721) created a new balance of power in the Baltics and made the Finnish file part of czarist Russia's foreign policy agenda. Having defeated Sweden, the Russian Empire got access to the Baltics and control over the coastal stretch between Riga and Vyborg. Under the Treaty of Nystad (1721), the state border between Russia and Sweden crossed the territory of the Grand Duchy of Finland that belonged to the Kingdom of Sweden. It was from that time on that the Finnish Question became an inalienable and component part of czarist policies.
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| 11 |
ID:
146285
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| Summary/Abstract |
PUBLIC DIPLOMACY is today understood as the communication of the governmental and nongovernmental players of a country with foreign public in order to indirectly influence public opinion and foreign policy decisions in a foreign state. Public diplomacy methods and techniques have been used by various countries for centuries, but only in the 20th century did they begin to evolve into systematic national policies with substantial theoretical, legal, and logistic resources put into them.
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| 12 |
ID:
146272
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE 70TH ANNIVERSARY of the Victory in World War II stands apart from all other anniversaries of historic events we marked in 2015 as a vivid reminder of what could be done to the world order by ambitious attempts to establish world domination, belief in the exclusiveness of one's own nation and contempt to the norms of law and morals
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| 13 |
ID:
146286
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| Summary/Abstract |
It is fruitless to try to place the blame for this situation on one particular Nation or on another. It is the kind of development that is almost inevitable unless the major powers of the world continue without interruption to work together and to assume joint responsibility for the solution of problems that may arise to endanger the peace of the world."
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| 14 |
ID:
146284
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INDIA IS RUSSIA'S TIME-TESTED PARTNER; throughout many years, the Soviet Union and India were almost allies and cooperated practically in all spheres of human activity.
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| 15 |
ID:
146283
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| 16 |
ID:
146280
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| 17 |
ID:
146276
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP) agreement* was signed in October 2015 by 12 member countries of Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) - Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam. The TPP is a brainchild of the United States, which was concerned about its declining influence on the economies and politics of Asia-Pacific countries, about the growing economic and political power of China in the region [1], about the East Asian Economic Community agreement, which is part of the proposed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) accord, and about the collapse of the Free Trade Area for Americas (FTAA) initiative [2]. The United States sees the TPP as an instrument for achieving its long-term goal of bringing into being the proposed Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTAAP), an agreement whose signatory countries would be fewer in number than
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| 18 |
ID:
146281
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE UNITED NATIONS peacekeeping operations are a key means of settlement of armed conflicts and post-conflict political normalization. Due to the escalation of some conflicts, they are more important in the 21st century than ever before.
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| 19 |
ID:
146290
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| Summary/Abstract |
IN HIS LATEST MONOGRAPH, "By Fire, Bayonet and Flattery,"* Vladimir Simindey investigated an important problem that has so far remained barely analyzed in Soviet/Russian historiography, viz. interpretations of history and impacts of World Wars One and Two on the Baltic republics and their development between the wars as presented by official analysts in the Baltic states. The author has pointed out that the works recently published with official support in the three Baltic states offer a nationalist interpretation readily accepted in the academic, educational and socio-political spheres.
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| 20 |
ID:
146273
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| Summary/Abstract |
The majority of speakers at that conference made a point that was at variance with the widespread view that World War I was the result of a combination of circumstances, a disastrous product of a set of accidental factors, and that in fact no one had wanted it. They expressed the diametrically opposite conclusion that that war had been designed by forces that made money on armed conflicts. World War II was based on the same kind of plan.
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