| Summary/Abstract |
A second wave of uprisings broke out in Algeria, Sudan, Lebanon and Iraq during 2019 and gives no sign of abating. There is no doubt it will have important repercussions for the affected countries, just as the first wave did. The question is whether the outcome will be what the protesters would like or, as happened in the case of the first wave in 2011, the consequences will prove deeply disappointing and leave these countries mired in worse authoritarianism than before, even in chaos.
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