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| 1 |
ID:
173285
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| Summary/Abstract |
CIVIL UNREST in Timişoara in December 1989 became the detonator in the explosive sociopolitical situation that had taken shape in Romania by the end of the 1980s. Nicolae Ceauşescu reacted in a resolute and uncompromising way - the disturbances had to be suppressed at any cost. They weren't an ordinary expression of discontent. There had been developments in Romania's neighborhood that were endangering the country's leadership: in the Soviet Union perestroika was gaining momentum with its new wave of revisions of the past, including the roles of former leaders, and setting a bad example to communist parties in other countries.
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| 2 |
ID:
173284
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| Summary/Abstract |
ON AUGUST 29, 2019, Slovakia celebrated the 75th anniversary of the start of one of the most powerful European anti-Nazi insurrections of World War II, the Slovak National Uprising (Slovenské narodné povstanie), which lasted from August 29 to October 28, 1944. August 29, Slovak National Uprising Anniversary, is one of the country's main national holidays. It is marked with events and ceremonies such as commemorative rallies and the laying of flowers at memorials in Bratislava, Banska Bystrica, and other parts of Slovakia.
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| 3 |
ID:
173286
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| 4 |
ID:
173271
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| Summary/Abstract |
EXPERTS have for years been pointing to mounting xenophobic, anti-immigrant, and radical sentiments among the population of Europe. However, recently it is not only refugees and economic migrants from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA region) who have been facing hostility but also Jews who have lived in Europe permanently and have been integrated into European society. Usually, European anti-Semitism has been blamed on right-wing extremists and radicals, especially those in Hungary and Poland.1 There occur random instances of trivial anti-Semitic behavior, for example at school or in companies, that are not investigated or taken into account in police statistics.
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| 5 |
ID:
173268
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE 20TH CENTURY went down in history as a century of ideologies and sharp confrontation of states belonging to different systems, the Soviet Union and the United States in the first place. The 21st century has already demonstrated a mounting geopolitical confrontation of great powers that drew international business interests into their whirlpool. It turned out that the main actors of world politics cannot agree on new principles of economic cooperation, free competition and respect for the spheres of interests - they have chosen the road of mounting worldwide tension.
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| 6 |
ID:
173281
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ANATOLY DOBRYNIN'S unprecedentedly long (24 years) mission as head of the Soviet Embassy to the United States and the fast scientific and technological developments in the sphere of space research can become the subjects of many articles. This article is limited by the period between the early 1960s when he was appointed Ambassador to the United States and the first Soviet-American "handshake in space" in 1975 that opened the road toward practical international cooperation in outer space. Here I will only partially touch on the immeasurably big contribution of scientists into tuning up the Soviet-American relations in this sphere.
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| 7 |
ID:
173275
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SINCE ITS FOUNDING, Venezuela has been a country of solidarity, with the conscience of belonging to something greater, an immense nation, a power in the making that, had it consolidated itself legally, economically, and politically, it would have modified the "universal equilibrium," the balance of power in international relations. Venezuela's only military action outside of its borders was inevitably tied to its original right to self-determination as a sovereign people. Our soldiers reached inhospitable landscapes of Our America, always with the intention of expanding the feat of independence, with no aim for profit or glory or nothing different from the liberation from the imperial dominance of those times. Our leaders and armies of then never aspired to loot or conquer territories for themselves. The only cause was to share liberty, acquire independence, and simply, being free.
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| 8 |
ID:
173282
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THE 17TH CENTURY began as a time of trials for the Russian people. Contemporaries spoke of it as the Time of Troubles, or Smutnoe Vremya (smuta in Russian literally means "turmoil").1 This term went down in the history of Russia and Russian historiography as a definition of the time when, in the late 16th century, the ruling dynasty ended. For the first time in its history, Russia acquired elected czars and impostors. This was the prelude to foreign (Swedish and Polish) interventions, as a result of which the Russian state lost part of its territories.
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| 9 |
ID:
173270
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THREE KEY EVENTS have changed both Iraq and the Middle East: the 1979 revolution in Iran, the Iran-Iraq war from 1980 to 1988, and the 1991 crisis in Kuwait. The latter led to a change in the domestic policies of Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and introduced new variables to the dynamics of the government's relations with ethnic and religious groups (mainly Shiites and Kurds). It was at this time that the UN began implementing sanctions on Iraq, including a blockade. The results of the sanctions left part of the elite with limited access to the distribution of resources; coupled with the government's practice of marginalizing a portion of the population, this led to migration and strengthening of exiled opposition forces. The U.S. brought not only economic but military pressure to bear on Baghdad. The U.S.'s tactical military incursions destroyed Iraq's infrastructure and disrupted the stable functioning of state structures.
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| 10 |
ID:
173267
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A GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS is a "slumbering reality" of sorts barely discernible in economic activity per se. Judging by the formal macro-economic parameters, we are in the period of a relatively high global economic growth. Against the background of the existing and socially insurmountable development asymmetries, negative expectations look like the main tangible outcrops of a global economic crisis1 further aggravated by new technologies. Its expectations directly affect not so much the development pace as expectations of repercussions of realized "dormant" crisis trends. It has become absolutely clear that considerable or even radical structural transformations of global economic architecture cannot be avoided and that they will be followed by transformations of the global political and military space.
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| 11 |
ID:
173288
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AMID the growing economic and political tensions in the world, the role of the international community of the BRICS countries is increasing. Its activity can help establish a new world order based on the principles of equality, noninterference in the domestic affairs of other states, respect for sovereignty and independent decision-making. This approach should facilitate the full-fledged development of the five countries' economic potential despite the existing political, social, economic, historical, and cultural differences between them.
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| 12 |
ID:
173274
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NORMALLY, the historical-cultural aspect of social-political processes is not treated as an item of top priority of the scholarly agenda. More likely than not, researchers tend to look for the sources of what is going on in economic conditions or political ambitions of individuals or communities and let out of sight one important component, i.e., the cultural foundation of societal systems which is rooted in a distant past.
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| 13 |
ID:
173278
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| Summary/Abstract |
An image of a country means its perception by other countries, by their governments and population, and may be a product of its domestic social and economic processes but may also be determined by this country's foreign policy principles and its systemic and consistent demonstration of its victories and achievements in the international arena.
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| 14 |
ID:
173269
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE "LIMINALITY" and "re-lslamization" phenomena1 caused by the split in the ranks of the Islamic theological elite into the moderate majority (minimalists) and radically minded minority (maximalists) [Waghid. 2011:5-8] came to the fore in some of the North African Arab countries and in many sub-Saharan countries with considerable Islamic populations. Radicalization of apart of the Islamic political elite betrays itself in a much greater political and military activity of Muslim maximalists and a much wider scope of activities of extremist Islamic organizations.
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| 15 |
ID:
173272
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| 16 |
ID:
173283
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| Summary/Abstract |
ONE of the most important events in the development of Russian-Moldavian relations took place in the early 18th century in Istanbul where Russian Ambassador and resident of the Russian intelligence in Istanbul Pyotr Tolstoy met Dimitrie Cantemir, member of the Moldavian intellectual elite. According to the report compiled by the Russian diplomatic mission in the Turkish capital, Dimitrie Cantemir, born in 1673, graduate of the Academy of the Patriarchate of Constantinople, was a son of the Moldavian Hospodar (ruler) Constantin Cantemir. As a teenager, he had been separated, according to the "Oriental etiquette" and contrary to his will, from his parents and sent to Istanbul as a hostage at the court of the Turkish sultan.
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| 17 |
ID:
173266
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| Summary/Abstract |
A REPORT on the situation analysis that was presented on May 21, 2019 at the Russian Foreign Ministry has been prepared under the direction of Sergey Karaganov with the participation of several leading Russian independent and government experts on security and arms control policy. The report is titled, "New Understanding and Ways to Strengthen Multilateral Strategic Stability." This is an interesting study that raises a very important problem - the search for new approaches in new foreign policy realities. We could argue in detail or in general, but the time has come to respond to the challenges that we are facing. As Isaac Babel wonderfully put it in his Odessa Tales, you cannot shut out the sun with your palms.
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| 18 |
ID:
173276
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE FOLLOWING STATEMENT made by Russian President Vladimir Putin in his Address to the Russian Federal Assembly in connection with the accession of the Republic of Crimea to the Russian Federation and the formation of new constituent entities within the Russian Federation (March 18, 2014) was met with applause: "We have great respect for people of all ethnic groups living in Crimea. It is their common home, their motherland, and it would be right for Crimea - I know Crimeans support this - to have three equal official languages: Russian, Ukrainian, and Crimean Tatar."
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| 19 |
ID:
173289
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| Summary/Abstract |
I AM HOLDING a new book by Natalya Beglova. It is a wonderful book! I have long been following the author's work and have always been amazed by the versatility of her talent as a writer, which she undoubtedly inherited as a precious gift from her father, Spartak Beglov, a journalist and writer on current political and public issues.
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| 20 |
ID:
173280
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