| Summary/Abstract |
The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue—the “Quad”—became an official event on 25 May 2007 on the sidelines of the ASEAN Regional Forum meeting in Manila. The interlocutors were a few rungs below the senior-most diplomats.1 But it had originated informally two and a half years before, when Australia, Japan, India, and the United States rallied to coordinate humanitarian assistance in the wake of the 26 December 2004 tsunami that affected the Indian Ocean littoral from western Australia to the Horn of Africa. This quartet was sometimes referred to as the Tsunami Core Group.
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