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| 1 |
ID:
174528
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| 2 |
ID:
174516
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| Summary/Abstract |
CURRENTLY, Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as the rest of the world, are faced with the COVID-19 pandemic. The Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), as the largest regional organization uniting almost all countries in Latin America, is actively responding to the challenges of the global pandemic, taking timely action and searching for effective solutions.
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| 3 |
ID:
174512
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THE CRISIS caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world. Yesterday, we were living under the slogan, "Live as friends in a society without borders"; today, we are advised "to remain home and avoid contacts." Each country is for itself. The slogan, "Less state and more market" has been pushed aside: anyone and everyone asks the state for help and protection. Yesterday, medicine was optimized to earn money; today, the sacred principle of profit has tumbled down. In January, hospitals were closed; today, new hospitals are being built.
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| 4 |
ID:
174511
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THE PANDEMIC, which from the outset Washington has "promoted" as a "Chinese scourge," was designed to isolate China and put a full stop to globalization as we know it now, a phenomenon seriously affecting all major Western countries, including the U.S. We have witnessed a crisis in relations between Western countries - be it the U.S. and Europe or the European Union.
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| 5 |
ID:
174522
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LEBANON is a small Arab state about a quarter of the size of Moscow Province. Throughout its independent development, beginning in November 1943, the country has endured several major crises that jeopardized the existence of its government institutions and the Lebanese state itself.
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| 6 |
ID:
174518
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| 7 |
ID:
174525
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IN AFRICA, France is guided by its economic interests and, to a certain extent, political considerations rooted in traditions, social relationships, issues of French influence, and its national pride. From the first days of his presidency, Emmanuel Macron, the eighth president of the Fifth Republic, has been talking about changing his country's African policy to a "soft power" of sorts. Nobody, neither the Élysée Palace, nor capitals of Francophone African countries nor other external actors with interests of their own on the continent have so far answered whether this can be done at all.
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| 8 |
ID:
174514
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IN 2019, the NATO countries celebrated the 70th anniversary of their military alliance with great fanfare. A common theme of the anniversary celebrations and NATO leaders' related public statements, as well as the London Declaration that the leaders of the NATO countries adopted at a meeting in London on December 3-4, 2019, is the idea that NATO is indispensable to maintaining security in the Euro-Atlantic region and the world as a whole, and that the policy of resolutely deterring Russia must continue. Even though the wording of the bloc's strategy has changed as the international situation and relations with the USSR/Russia change, that key element has remained a constant, fundamental principle of all seven strategic concepts and other basic documents of the alliance throughout its entire existence.
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| 9 |
ID:
174531
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OVER THE PAST YEAR, there has been a flurry of positive interaction between the militaries of Russia and South Africa. Who would have predicted a few years ago that Russian Tu-160 strategic bombers would pay a visit to South Africa? And who would have expected the deployment of the Russian cruiser Marshal Ustinov to Cape Town? What's more interesting is the backstory here.
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| 10 |
ID:
174524
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OVER THE PAST DECADE, the global oil industry has undergone profound and multifactorial transformations. World energy consumption exhibited high growth rates in the 2010s. In 2018, it amounted to 2.9%, almost twice the same indicator eight years prior.1 As in preceding years, the increase in demand for primary energy by more than two-thirds was accounted for by India, China, and the U.S. Meanwhile, oil was and remains the main energy resource in most countries of America, Africa and Europe. In 2018, daily consumption increased by 1.4 million barrels; aggregate demand reached 98.7 million barrels per day.
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| 11 |
ID:
174517
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OUR NATION'S GREAT VICTORY in World War II was truly of global historical significance. It saved humanity from fascism - the barbarism of the 20th century - and made it possible for the world to resume progressive development.
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| 12 |
ID:
174533
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A LOT IS KNOWN about the Great Patriotic War. However, its history is still being written as new documents are emerging from declassified archives, as well as the memoirs of its participants. There is a certain gap between classic academic research involving thoroughly checked facts, verifications, assessments, and evaluations, on the one hand, and naturally emotional publications (memoirs) devoted to specific events and written by war veterans, on the other. One such work is a book by Vasily Ivanovich Kolotusha, a well-known diplomat, Arabic studies expert, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, entitled "Detention Camp Unknown... Place of Burial, Wlodomierz."
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| 13 |
ID:
174520
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ON DECEMBER 1, 1959, the Antarctic Treaty was signed by Australia, Argentina, Belgium, Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Norway, the Soviet Union, the United States, France, Chile, the Union of South Africa, and Japan. Its founders were the states engaged in scientific research on the sixth continent as part of the 1957-1958 International Geophysical Year (IGY) program. The Antarctic Treaty was the first international legal act to regulate the activities of countries, establish a governance framework and determine the nature of interstate relations in the Southern Polar Region. Drafted at the height of the Cold War, the document became a model for defusing international tension and an example of practical joint effort by states to address global scientific problems. Peace, international cooperation, research, and environmental protection were the fundamental objectives of the Treaty.
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| 14 |
ID:
174515
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RUSSIA has historically evolved as a multiethnic and multireligious state. Having passed through complex social experiments and spiritual quests and explorations that deeply affected the foundations of human and social life, the citizens of the Russian Federation have emerged as a single, multiethnic people, as a Russian nation. And this despite the greatest tragedy of the late 20th century - namely, the disintegration of a single country, i.e., the Soviet Union, into several post-Soviet states, including historical Russia.
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| 15 |
ID:
174527
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JACQUES CHIRAC, the fifth President of the Fifth Republic, the most prominent French politician of the turn of the 21st century, during his 40-year long political career, climbed the ladder from young deputy of the National Assembly to wise and experienced President of the Republic occupying the highest state post for two terms. Twenty-five years ago, in 1995, when Chirac was elected president, the International Affairs journal published my article about him. Last fall, the famous politician died. This means that the time has come to sum up his achievements at the service of France.
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| 16 |
ID:
174519
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In memory of my grandfather, Alexey Ruchnov, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, and of the millions of Soviet people who gave their lives for the peace of future generations.
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| 17 |
ID:
174534
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| 18 |
ID:
174526
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| Summary/Abstract |
IN THE LAST FEW YEARS, prominent philosophers, sociologists, historians, and anthropologists have demonstrated a lot of interest in the deep-cutting changes unfolding in French society since the 1960s. On the whole, all of them write about post-Christian France that differs a lot from the country of previous generations. Jérôme Fourquet's The French Archipelago,1 published in 2019 has already become the most popular, or even iconic, book. The author has presented the French society as splintered and fragmented, having journeyed from a united and inseparable nation to a multicultural "archipelago." Fourquet is not alone; hundreds of other publications describe the same phenomenon. Such are the works of philosopher Alain Finkielkraut, demographer and historian Hervé Le Bras, and historian and anthropologist Emmanuel Todd. The book How Our World Ceased to Be Christian2 by historian Guillaume Cuchet stirred up a lot of interest.
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| 19 |
ID:
174523
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| 20 |
ID:
174529
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE RELATIONS between Russia and Mozambique are undergoing serious changes, with milestone events that are symbolic in the context of Mozambique's 45th independence anniversary and the 45th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Moscow and Maputo, both falling on June 25, 2020.
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