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ID: 178468

Exploiting norms: gender, local elites and farm individualization in Tajikistan / Hierman, Brent; Nekbakhtshoev, Navruz

Hierman, Brent	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

This article advances a straightforward argument: a complete analysis of land reform processes in Central Asia needs to account for gender dynamics. More explicitly, it argues that alongside the feminization of agriculture, customary gender norms restricting female economic opportunities and property acquisition represent a structural advantage for local elites interested in hindering or delaying the process of farm individualization in Tajikistan. After overviewing the gap between female legal rights to agricultural land and the actualization of these rights in four Central Asian states (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan and Uzbekistan) the article narrows its focus to Tajikistan. After regression analyses reveal that gendered information gaps are insufficient to account for gaps in the registration of farmland, the study presents qualitative data examining the relationship between female-headed households and the slow pace of agrarian change in Tajikistan.

Key Words

Tajikistan ; Gender Norms ; Elite Capture ; Feminization of Agriculture ; Farm Individualization

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ID: 175478

Gender, labor migration and changes in small-scale farming on Vietnam's north-central coast / Kawarazuka, Nozomi; Duong, Tuan Minh; Simelton, Elisabeth

Kawarazuka, Nozomi	Journal Article
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Drawing on the narratives of women and men who have domestic or international migration experiences, this study explores the gendered impacts of migration on small-scale farming in rural Ha Tinh province in Vietnam. The paper investigates men’s and women’s migration experiences, their influence on agricultural production, and impact on their livelihoods after migration. The findings show that households use various strategies to sustain agricultural production in the absence of some members. Women’s increased economic independence through labor migration has not necessarily lead to their increased management roles in agriculture, but they are increasingly challenging stereotypical images of rural women. While migration can be a catalyst for men to transform their livelihoods, it can also widen gaps in social and economic statuses among men.

Key Words

Southeast Asia ; Social Theory ; Feminist ; Agroforestry ; Feminization of Agriculture ; Root Crops

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