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ID: 188007

Reexamining the Four Waves of Modern Terrorism: a Territorial Interpretation / Radil, Steven M; Castan Pinos, Jaume

Castan Pinos, Jaume	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

Territory is a persistent concern in international politics but is unevenly explored in the terrorism literature. We argue that territory has salience for terrorist actors and apply our argument to Rapoport's influential “four waves” thesis of the modern history of terrorism. By examining the key ideologies and groups associated with each historical era, we find that territory was a crucial element to each wave even when it took on different forms. We conclude by calling for additional concern for territory in terrorism studies, which promises to yield new insights into pressing questions.

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Four Waves of Modern Terrorism ; Territorial Interpretation

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ID: 175710

Territorial Contours of Terrorism: a Conceptual Model of Territory for Non-state Violence / Castan Pinos, Jaume; M Radil, Steven

Castan Pinos, Jaume	Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract

Our article challenges a common discourse that terrorist groups are relatively disinterested in territory by exploring emerging theories about territory and territoriality. We use these theories to introduce a new conceptual model of the importance of territory for terrorism that contrasts a group’s Sovereignty Claims over Territory (SCOT), which corresponds with the ultimate territorial aims of the group, with its Effective Control of Territory (ECOT), which relates to the ability of an organization to exert influence over a particular territory. Contrasting these dimensions of territory allows us to develop several archetypes of territorially-motivated terrorism. Our model predicts that, in contrast to common deterritorial discourses, truly non-territorial terrorism is likely to be quite rare as most groups engaged in violence have territorial ambitions in one way or another. We then use our model to interrogate the salience of territory to three representative cases: the Islamic State, ETA, and FARC-EP. Our analysis shows that territory remains a central motivating factor for these groups as their overall territorial aims tend to remain constant whereas their ability to control territory is more susceptible to change. We conclude by discussing the implications of our model and analysis for future research.

Key Words

Terroris ; Conceptual Model ; Territory and Territoriality ; Non-Territorial Terrorism ; Territorial Theory

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